超大城市普惠性学前教育资源配置空间公平研究——来自成都的实证经验

Research on Spatial Equity of Preschool Education Resource Allocation in Megacities from the Perspective of Common Prosperity—Empirical Experience from Chengdu

我国学前教育在快速发展的同时,不平衡不充分的矛盾依然比较突出,尤其是超大城市的优质普惠性幼儿园资源紧张问题。如何通过合理配置资源缩小区域之间学前教育发展差距是超大城市治理中的难题。本研究对成都市12个中心城区850个普惠性幼儿园,运用高斯两步移动搜索模型测量幼儿园可达性,并结合教育基尼系数和SE指数测算成都市学前教育资源空间公平程度。研究发现超大城市学前教育资源可达性在空间上分布差异较大,具体表现为主城区和各区县行政中心附近资源可达性高,区县交界处资源可达性低;主城区教育基尼系数和SE指数高于非主城区,在一级普惠性幼儿园分布上更为明显。因此,本研究建议应尊重人口持续向超大城市集聚趋势,重点考虑人口流动路径,建立健全人口导向的学前教育资源配置制度,逐步降低随迁子女的入园门槛,完善探索教育经费“钱随人走”制度体系,统筹优质资源,优化幼儿园布局,推动学前教育向幼有优育提升。

While China's preschool education experiences rapid development,the imbalance and inadequacy remain prominent,particularly evident in the scarcity of high-quality and inclusive kindergarten resources in megacities.Addressing the challenge of rationalizing resource allocation to narrow the development gap in preschool education across regions is a pressing issue in megacity governance.This study measures the accessibility of 850 inclusive kindergartens in 12 central urban areas of Chengdu using the Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area Method(2SFCA),and combining the Educational Gini Coefficient and Spatial Equilibrium(SE) Index to calculate the spatial equity of preschool educational resources in Chengdu.The findings reveal substantial spatial variations in the accessibility of preschool education resources in megacities,characterized by higher accessibility near downtown areas and administrative centers of districts and counties,and lower accessibility at the borders between districts and counties.Furthermore,the Educational Gini Coefficient and SE Index in downtown areas are higher than those in non-downtown areas,with a more pronounced trend observed in the distribution of first-tier inclusive kindergartens.This paper recommends acknowledging the ongoing trend of population agglomeration towards megacities,prioritizing considerations of population mobility patterns,and establishing a robust population-oriented preschool education resource allocation system.