循环肿瘤DNA检测在乳腺癌中的临床应用

Clinical application of circulating tumor DNA detection in breast cancer

乳腺癌是女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,考虑到其在临床和生物学上的异质性,乳腺癌具有不同的分子分型,临床中需为不同的患者定制个性化的诊疗方案。用于确诊乳腺癌的传统检测方法仍然不够完善,而且不能完整地获取乳腺癌的全基因组信息。近年来,随着液体活组织检查技术的出现,为肿瘤的早期筛查及明确诊断提供了很大的支持,也将极大地促进乳腺癌的早期诊断和预后提升。液体活检是一种利用人体体液为样本来源,以获取与肿瘤相关信息的一种检测方法,它通过非侵入性方式获得体液进行组织活检,提供了一种便捷、无创的检测技术,能够更全面显示出肿瘤的遗传特征。在此背景下,循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)正迅速成为标准肿瘤活检的重要辅助手段,它在乳腺癌的诊断和治疗中展现出巨大的应用前景,通过ctDNA检测可为乳腺癌患者提供更为精准的医学治疗方案。本文就ctDNA在乳腺癌领域中的应用及未来发展趋势作一综述,希望能为液体活检在临床实践中的应用提供一定的帮助。

Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignancy among women.Due to its clinical and biological heterogeneity,breast cancer encompasses distinct molecular subtypes,necessitating personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for each patient.Conventional diagnostic methods for breast cancer remain inadequate,as they fail to capture the full genomic complexity of the disease.In recent years,the advent of liquid biopsy technology has provided significant advancements in early tumor screening and precise diagnosis,with the potential to greatly improve early detection and prognostication of breast cancer.Liquid biopsy is a diagnostic approach that utilizes bodily fluids as sample sources to obtain tumor-related information.Being noninvasive this technique enables tissue biopsy through fluid sampling,offering a convenient and minimally invasive method to obtain a more comprehensive genetic profile of the tumor.In this context,circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)has rapidly emerged as a critical adjunct to traditional tumor biopsies,showing considerable promise in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.ctDNA analysis facilitates more precise therapeutic decision-making,advancing personalized treatment strategies for breast cancer patients.This review explored the applications and future directions of ctDNA in breast cancer,aiming for the clinical application of liquid biopsy in practice.