玉米高温胁迫研究热点及前沿探究

Research hotspots and frontiers of heat stress in maize

玉米作为全球第一大粮食作物,在维护全球粮食安全方面具有至关重要的地位。然而,全球气候变暖导致高温天气频发,对玉米的生长和产量造成了严重限制。因此,深入探究全球玉米高温胁迫领域的研究热点和前沿趋势,有助于应对气候变化带来的高温挑战,促进玉米产业的可持续发展。本文利用CiteSpace软件,对1990-2023年间Web of Science核心数据库收录的4255篇玉米高温胁迫的相关论文进行关键词共现、聚类和突现分析。结果表明,玉米高温胁迫领域的研究热点主要集中在4个方面:玉米在高温胁迫下的生长与产量变化、生理响应、分子机制和应对策略。深入探索这4个方面的研究进展,发现不同生育期的高温胁迫对玉米生长发育和产量形成构成不同程度的伤害,各生育期高温胁迫引发的产量损失减产幅度由高到低表现为花期>灌浆期>穗期>苗期;高温胁迫还会引起玉米多个生理生化特征的变化,包括光合作用受损、生物膜透性增加、活性氧过度积累和激素失衡等;玉米响应高温胁迫的分子机制研究,重点关注基因表达和热休克蛋白运作,但耐热机制仍未明晰;通过综合运用农艺措施与育种技术,包括播期调整、科学水肥管理和生长调节剂的合理施用以及耐热品种的培育,可以有效缓解高温胁迫,促进玉米高产稳产。此外,玉米响应高温胁迫的转录调控机制是该领域的关键研究前沿,也将是未来较长时间内研究的热门课题。本文全面回顾了过去34年玉米高温胁迫领域的文献,为玉米耐高温研究及缓解措施的制定提供了有益参考。

Maize is the largest food crop in the world,and it plays a vital role in maintaining global food security.However,global warming,which has led to frequent high-temperature weather events,has severely limited the growth and yield of maize.Therefore,an in-depth exploration of research hotspots and frontiers in the field of high-temperature stress in maize worldwide will help to cope with the challenges brought about by climate change and promote the sustainable development of maize industry.In this study,CiteSpace software was used to analyze the keyword co-occurrence,clustering,and brust of 4255 papers related to high-temperature stress in maize included in the Web of Science core database from 1990 to 2023.The results showed that the research hotspots mainly focused on four aspects:growth and yield changes,physiological responses,molecular mechanisms,and coping strategies of maize under high-temperature stress.Through an in-depth exploration of the research progress in these four aspects,it was found that hightemperature stress at different growth stages caused different degrees of damage to maize growth and yield formation,and the yield loss caused by high-temperature stress at each growth stage ranged from high to low as follows:flowering stage>filling stage>heading stage>seedling stage.High-temperature stress caused changes in multiple physiological and biochemical characteristics of maize,such as impaired photosynthesis,increased biofilm permeability,excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species,and hormonal imbalance.The molecular mechanism of maize in response to high-temperature stress was mainly on gene expression and heat shock protein operation,but the specific heat tolerance mechanism is still unclear.Through the comprehensive application of agronomic measures and breeding techniques,such as sowing date adjustment,scientific water and fertilizer management,rational application of growth regulators,and cultivation of heat-tolerant varieties,high-temperature stress can be effectively alleviated and a high and stable yield of maize can be obtained.In addition,the transcriptional regulation mechanism of maize in response to high-temperature stress is a current research frontier and will be an important topic for future research.This study comprehensively reviewed the literatures on high-temperature stress in maize in the past 34 years and provides a useful reference for the study of high-temperature resistance of maize and formulation of mitigation measures.