完善“组团式”援藏教师待遇保障机制探究

Study on Promoting Teacher's Salary and Welfare Guarantee Mechanism of the“Group Style” Educational Support for TAR

保障援藏教师待遇是“组团式”教育人才援藏工作取得成效的基础。援藏教师待遇保障机制主要涉及中央、派出省市和受援地三方,可被视为三方在不完全契约背景下的互动过程。以不完全契约理论模型(GHM模型)为框架分析发现,援藏教师待遇保障机制具体表现为契约制定、关系专用性投资和重订契约等不同阶段:在契约制定阶段,援藏教师待遇总体标准和责任主体得到初步明确;而在关系专用性投资阶段,援受双方就组织架构、人员配备和资金落实展开投资建设;在重订契约阶段,中央与援受双方对援藏教师待遇保障出现的问题进行纠偏,修正契约。在此过程中,因契约不完全和关系专用性投资带来的潜在机会主义行为,援藏教师待遇保障机制一方面面临着部分剩余权利难以完全厘清的问题,表现为责任主体不明、待遇标准不清和待遇差异显著;另一方面,则还受到关系专用性投资不足的制约,表现为缺少清晰的组织架构和稳定充足的人员配置。因此,关注剩余权利明晰和关系专用性投资保护,优化各级管理结构、创设待遇标准体系、健全沟通协调方式或能助力援藏教师待遇保障机制走向完善。

Ensuring the welfare of teachers'participating in education support programs in Xizang is fundamental to the success of the"group style"educational support for TAR.The mechanism for safeguarding these teachers'welfare involves the interaction of three parties:the central government,the provinces or municipalities which send out teachers,and the recipient regions.It can be regarded as an interactive process of the three parties in the context of an incomplete contract.Based on the incomplete contract theoretical model,or the Grossman-Hart model(GHM model)as the framework,this article found that the salary and welfare level guarantee mechanism of teachers in TAR is embodied in different stages such as contract formulation,relationship exclusive investment and contract renewal:in the stage of contract formulation,the overall standard of salary and welfare for teachers supporting TAR and the subject of responsibility have been initially clarified;in the stage of relationship dedicated investment,the two sides carry out investment and construction on the organizational structure,staffing and fund implementation;in the stage of remaking the contract,the central government and the recipients corrected the problems arising from the salary and welfare guarantee for teachers supporting TAR and revised the contract.In this process,due to the potential opportunistic behavior brought by incomplete contract and relationship exclusive investment,on the one hand,the salary and welfare guarantee mechanism of teachers supporting TAR is faced with the problem that some of the remaining rights cannot be fully clarified,which is demonstrated by unclear responsibility subject,unclear salary and welfare standard and significant salary and welfare difference;on the other hand,there is insufficient relationship-specific investment,which is demonstrated by lack of a clear organizational structure and stable sufficient personnel allocation.Therefore,we should pay attention to the clarification of residual rights and the protection of exclusive relationship investment,optimize the management structure at all levels,create salary and welfare standard system,improve the communication and coordination methods,which may help to improve the salary and welfare guarantee mechanism of teachers supporting TAR.