浅谈电动汽车轮胎的开发

A Brief Discussion on the Development of Electric Vehicle Tir

电动汽车近年持续快速增长,市场占有率稳定在30%以上,各轮胎企业也相继推出电动汽车专用轮胎。电动汽车相较传统燃油车有了很大差异:整车质量增加,动力形式及补能方式变更,这些差异给电动汽车的轮胎开发带来诸多挑战。针对其差异,文章分析了电动汽车轮胎性能的复杂需求:滚动阻力小、噪声低、载重负荷大、胎压高、耐磨性好、湿滑及干地抓地性能好、轻量化,浅述了电动汽车轮胎的开发及测试流程。为提高性能定义准确性,提出使用模糊层次分析法(FAHP)来决策轮胎的各性能参数优先级,并对轮胎测试结果按模糊层次分析法进行综合评价与选定。最后对电动汽车轮胎的关键性能达成方式进行了分析与探讨。

Electric vehicles have continued to grow rapidly in recent years,with a stable market share of over 30%.Various tire companies have also launched specialized tires for electric vehicles.Electric vehicles have significant differences compared to traditional fuel vehicles:the increase in vehicle weight,changes in power forms and energy replenishment methods,and these differences bring many challenges to the tire development of electric vehicles.In response to their differences,this article analyzes the complex requirements for the performance of electric vehicle tires:low rolling resistance,low noise,high load capacity,high tire pressure,good wear resistance,good wet and dry grip performance,lightweight,and briefly describes the development and testing process of electric vehicle tires.To improve the accuracy of performance definition,the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(FAHP)is proposed to determine the priority of various performance parameters of tires,and the tire test results are comprehensively evaluated and selected using FAHP.Finally,the key performance achievement methods of electric vehicle tires are analyzed and discussed.