东北三省玉米产量和耕层土壤有机碳对粪肥施用响应的Meta分析

Meta-analysis of maize yield and topsoil organic carbon response to manure application in Northeast China

为了进一步合理施用粪肥以保障东北黑土质量与国家粮食安全,采用Meta分析方法定量研究粪肥施用对东北三省(辽宁省、吉林省、黑龙江省)耕层(0~20 cm)土壤有机碳(SOC)含量和玉米产量的影响,揭示不同管理措施、气候条件、土壤初始理化性质对粪肥增碳、增产效果的影响。结果表明,不同管理措施对粪肥增碳、增产的影响存在显著差异。与不施肥相比,化肥施加量不变且额外添加粪肥时能够显著提升耕层SOC含量30.4%~42.7%和玉米产量41.9%~50.5%;粪肥施用10~20年显著提升耕层SOC含量43.7%,≥20年显著提升玉米产量90.6%。与单施化肥相比,牛粪与化肥配施、粪肥替代50%~80%化肥(总施用养分不变)分别显著提高耕层SOC含量61.2%和57.7%。粪肥与化肥总养分施用量直接影响玉米产量,与不施肥相比,在总施钾量(K_(2)O)≤300 kg/hm^(2)、总施磷量(P_(2)O_(5))≤200 kg/hm^(2)、总施氮量(N)为100~300或≥400 kg/hm^(2)时显著提升玉米产量。气候条件的变化也影响着粪肥的改良效果,年均气温2~5℃、年均降水量400~500 mm时,提升SOC效果更佳;年均气温5~8℃、年均降水量500~600 mm时提升玉米产量效果更佳。此外,土壤初始养分偏低更有利于SOC增加,初始SOC≤15 g/kg、总氮≤0.5 g/kg、碱解氮≤100 mg/kg、有效磷≤20 mg/kg、速效钾100~200 mg/kg时,粪肥施用下SOC可显著增加25.9%~84.4%。综上,施用粪肥对改善东北三省内农田SOC含量与玉米产量具有重要意义,高效的粪肥施用措施需考虑气象条件和土壤性质,长期在土壤初始性质较差的耕地配施粪肥与化肥是增碳、增产的重要举措。

To further apply manure properly and ensure the quality of the Mollisol in Northeast China as well as national food security,this research conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively investigate the effects of manure application on the soil organic carbon(SOC)content of the plow layer(0-20 cm)and maize yield in Northeast China.The impacts of different management measures,climatic conditions,and the initial physicochemical properties of the soil on the effect of manure on improving SOC and maize yield were revealed.Compared with no fertilization,the application of the SOC content was significantly increased by 30.4%-42.7%and maize yield was significantly increased by 41.9%-50.5%when the amount of chemical fertilizer remained unchanged and additional manure was added.The application of manure for 10-20 years significantly increased the SOC content by 43.7%,and application of manure for≥20 years significantly increased maize yield by 90.6%.Compared with chemical fertilization alone,the combined application of cattle manure and chemical fertilizers significantly increased the SOC content by 61.2%;replacing 50%-80%of chemical fertilizers with manure(under the condition of unchanged total nutrient application)significantly increased the SOC content by 57.7%.The change of total nutrient application of manure with chemical fertilizer significantly affected maize yield,compared with no fertilization,the yield of maize was significantly increased when the total application amount of potassium(K_(2)O)was≤300 kg/hm^(2),total application amount of phosphorus(P_(2)O_(5))was≤200 kg/hm^(2),and total application amount of nitrogen(N)was 100-300 or≥400 kg/hm^(2).The change in climatic conditions also affected the effect of manure,with an annual average temperature of 2-5℃and annual average rainfall of 400-500 mm,the application of manure had a better effect on increasing the SOC content;with an annual average temperature of 5-8℃and annual average rainfall of 500-600 mm,the application of manure had a better effect on increasing maize yield.In addition,when the initial nutrient content of the soil was low,that was beneficial to the increase of SOC;When the initial SOC≤15 g/kg,total nitrogen≤0.5 g/kg,available nitrogen≤100 mg/kg,available phosphorus≤20 mg/kg,and available potassium 100-200 mg/kg,the application of manure significantly increased the SOC content by 25.9%-84.4%.In conclusion,the application of manure was important to improve the SOC content and maize yield in Northeast China.Manure application measures need to be considered in combination with different meteorological conditions and soil properties,the long-term application of manure with chemical fertilizers in farmland with low initial soil nutrients is a feasible way to increase SOC and yield.