人工海岸带生态化潜力评价及修复策略选择——以深圳为例

Ecological Potential Evaluation and Restoration Strategy Selection of Artificial Coastal Zones:A Case Study of Shenzhen

为探讨如何在城市尺度统筹制定人工海岸带的修复策略,科学安排修复对象及时序,以满足建设发展与生态保护的双重要求,文章以深圳市34段人工海岸带为实证对象,融合多源数据进行空间分析,构建了人工海岸带生态化潜力评价的指标体系及修复策略选择模型。结果发现:1)深圳市人工海岸带的生态化潜力大小呈现明显的空间异质性,按照生态化潜力从大到小,宜采取“控制压力、自然恢复”“疏解压力、生态修复”“控制压力、环境提升”“疏解压力、环境提升”4种不同的修复响应策略,空间上对应生态恢复区、生态修复区、生态控制区和景观协调区4类管控分区;2)深圳西湾公园等6段人工海岸带的生态化潜力最大,修复策略以控制外部压力引导其自然恢复为主。该6段对应的海岸线可作为首批新增自然岸线进行纳管,可达到深圳自然岸线保有率提升至40%的目标;3)深圳南澳望鱼角等5段人工海岸带生态化潜力较大,修复策略以疏解压力并采取修复措施提升生态功能为主。该5段对应的海岸线可作为储备自然岸线进行管理和维护;4)其余23段人工海岸带生态化潜力小,结合其区位情况作为城市景观类或一般公共岸线即可;5)生态化潜力大的岸段通常位于水动力弱的内湾,有利于岸外促淤和生境形成,亦可作为判断人工海岸带的自然形态和生态功能能否较快恢复的简易指示。

Restoring the natural form and ecological function of artificial coastal zones in coastal cities can effectively improve the ecological quality of these zones.Improving the natural shoreline retention rate through this effort is also an important step in Chinese coastal cities'implementation of Xi Jinping's idea of ecological civilization.With limited resources and funds for ecological restoration,and the dual requirements of urban development and ecological protection,this study primarily focuses on how to scientifically identify the areas for ecological restoration of urban artificial coastal zones,rationally arrange the restoration schedule,and formulate the restoration strategy.This study examines 34 sections of artificial coastal zones in Shenzhen City,integrates multiple data sources to conduct spatial superposition analysis,constructs an index system for evaluating the ecological potential of artificial coastal zones,and formulates a model framework for the selection of restoration strategies,which can inform the restoration of artificial coastal zones and the management of shorelines in other coastal cities in China.The study's findings are as follows:(1)The ecological potential of Shenzhen's artificial coastal zone is spatially heterogeneous,and four different restoration response strategies can be adopted in the order of potential from high to low:"control pressure,natural restoration";"relief pressure,ecological restoration";"control pressure,environmental enhancement";and"relief pressure,environmental enhancement."These correspond to four types of control zoning:ecological restoration zone,ecological recovery zone,ecological control zone,and landscape coordination zone.(2)The six sections of Xiban Park have the greatest ecological potential of Shenzhen's artificial coastline,and the restoration strategy is intended to control the external pressure and guide its natural recovery.The corresponding coastlines of these six sections constitute the first batch of new natural shorelines to be managed,to reach the target of increasing the natural shoreline retention rate of Shenzhen to 40%.(3)Nan'ao Wangyu Jiao and the other five sections of Shenzhen's artificial coastline have the second-largest ecological potential,and the restoration strategy is to relieve external pressure and take appropriate restoration measures to enhance its ecological function.The corresponding coastlines of these five sections can be managed and maintained as reserve natural coastlines.(4)The remaining 23 sections of artificial shoreline have little ecological potential and can be used as urban landscape or general public shorelines in combination with their location,without restoration intervention actions.(5)Coastal zones with high ecological potential are usually located in inlets with weak hydrodynamics,and the seaward side of such coastal zones is prone to siltation.This is conducive to the formation of new habitats and can be used as a simple indicator of whether artificial coastal zones can be restored to their natural state and ecological functions relatively quickly.