废旧锂离子电池回收技术概述

Research progresses of recycling technology for spent lithium-ion batteries

废旧锂离子电池正极材料的高效回收和利用,契合我国低碳发展的新形势,有利于能源循环再利用。介绍了废旧电池容量失效机理、预处理方式、正极材料火法回收、湿法回收等传统回收的研究现状;重点介绍了当前最为理想的正极材料直接再生回收方法(固相再生、水热修复、熔盐修复、电化学再生),综述各方法的优劣势;多角度展望了废旧锂离子电池回收面临的问题与挑战。

The efficient recycling and utilization of spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials aligns with China's new low-carbon development goals and promotes energy recycling.The capacity failure mechanism and pretreatment methods of spent lithium-ion batteries were introduced.The research status of traditional recycling methods such as pyrometallurgical recycling,hydrometallurgical recycling for the cathode materials obtained were analyzed.Direct recycling is the most ideal method for cathode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries.The characteristics of solid-phase regeneration,hydrothermal restoration,molten salts repairing,electrochemical regeneration methods were described,and the advantages and disadvantages of each method were summarized.Finally,the problems and challenges that recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries may face from multiple perspectives were discussed.