基于Seebeck效应的月壤发电技术研究

Research and application of lunar soil power generation technology in lunar research stations

随着中国航天技术的进步及数据的积累,深空探测是未来中国航天事业发展的必然方向。月球探索必然成为深空探测的门槛及首要目标,建立月球科研站是解决未来月球科学问题的关键。月球作为卫星,拥有丰富原位资源,月壤热导率极低,同时月球环境月昼极高温、月夜极低温,结合温差发电技术,构建月壤温差发电系统,可对月球科研站电能源提供支持,特别是月夜期间,月壤温差发电系统仍能稳定持续提供电能。提供了月壤温差发电系统的设计思路,针对当前技术能力,提出月昼、月夜期间使用两套月壤温差发电模块,月昼期间月壤温差发电系统作为月球科研站电能源的补充,月夜期间作为主要电能源供应。同时分析了月壤温差发电系统未来研究方向,针对月壤温差发电系统常温、低温的工作温度,分析了当前主流常温、低温温差发电材料Bi2Te3、α-MgAgSb、Bi-Sb合金、CsBi4Te6的技术水平,并且提出将级联技术应用于月壤温差发电系统之中,可有效提高温差发电器件平均ZT值,提升发电效率。

With the progress of China's space technology and the accumulation of data,deep space exploration is the inevitable direction of China's future aerospace development.Lunar exploration will inevitably become the threshold and primary goal of deep space exploration,and establishing a lunar research station is the key to solving future lunar scientific problems.As a satellite,the moon has abundant in-situ resources and extremely low thermal conductivity of the lunar soil.At the same time,the lunar environment is extremely high during the day and extremely low during the night.Combined with thermoelectric power generation technology,a lunar soil thermoelectric power generation system can be constructed to provide support for the electrical energy of lunar scientific research stations,especially during the night,and the lunar soil thermoelectric power generation system can also provide stable and continuous electricity.A design concept for a lunar soil temperature difference power generation system was provided.Based on current technological capabilities,it was proposed to use two sets of Lunar soil thermoelectric power generation module during the lunar day and night periods.The lunar soil thermoelectric power generation system during the lunar day period serves as a supplement to the electrical energy of the lunar research station,and during the lunar night period serves as the main electrical energy supply.At the same time,the future research direction of the lunar soil thermoelectric power generation system were analyzed.Based on the roomtemperature and low-temperature working temperatures of the lunar soil thermoelectric power generation system,the technical levels of the current mainstream room-temperature and lowtemperature thermoelectric power generation materials Bi2Te3,α-MgAgSb,Bi-Sb alloy and CsBi4Te6 were analyzed.The application of the cascading technology in the lunar soil thermoelectric power generation system was proposed,which can effectively increase the average ZT value of thermoelectric power generation devices and improve the power generation efficiency.