海洋塑料污染国际法规制的新进展、谈判争议与中国应对

New Developments and Negotiation Disputes in International Legal Regulation of Marine Plastic Pollution and China′s Responses

海洋塑料污染已成为全球性环境问题,严重威胁海洋生态系统。联合国环境大会在2022年3月2日通过的《终止塑料污染决议(草案)》表明当前海洋塑料污染国际法规制取得新的新展。新规制期待完善既有立法在海洋塑料污染管辖范围、监测和管理上的局限性。然而,已公布的修订案文草案显示出各国在塑料全生命周期管理、塑料污染治理目标的设定、生产者责任延伸制度、对发展中国家的技术和财政支持以及与现有国际法律体系的协调等方面存在较大分歧,影响条约的最终落实。中国应继续坚持“海洋命运共同体理念,兼顾自身发展利益”的立场推动立法进程;加强科学研究,拓宽发展中国家和最不发达国家资金支持来源;完善国内塑料污染治理和监管制度以提高自身的履约能力。

Marine plastic pollution has become a global environmental problem and seriously threatens marine ecosystems.The“End Plastic Pollution Resolution”adopted by the United Nations Environment Assembly on March 2,2022,indicates new developments in the international legal regulation of marine plastic pollution.The new regulation is expected to improve the limitations of existing legislation in terms of jurisdiction,monitoring,and management of marine plastic pollution.However,the published draft revisions reveal disputes among countries regarding the management of the entire life cycle of plastics,the setting of plastic pollution control targets,the Extended Producer Responsibility system,technical and financial support for developing countries,and coordination with the existing international legal framework.China should continue to uphold the stance of“the concept of Maritime Community with a Shared Future,while balancing its own development interests”to promote the legislative process;strengthen scientific research and expand financial support sources for developing and least developed countries;improve domestic plastic pollution control and regulatory systems to enhance its own capacity to fulfill treaty obligations.