儿童哮喘合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征高危人群的临床特点

Characteristic of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome high risk population in children with bronchial asthma

目的探讨儿童哮喘合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAS)高危人群的临床特点。方法纳入2019年9月至2021年1月就诊的哮喘儿童进行问卷调查。根据问卷结果将哮喘儿童分成两组,分别为OSAS高危组和对照组,分析其临床特征。结果共纳入哮喘儿童200例,41.00%的哮喘儿童为OSAS高危人群。OSAS高危患儿哮喘未控制率明显增高(60.00%对36.25%,χ^(2)=7.46,P=0.006)。OSAS高危患儿夜间哮喘发作与活动后哮喘发作情况均高于对照组,发生率分别为20.73%对6.78%,26.83%对13.56%(P<0.05);同时OSAS高危患儿腺样体肥大发生率更高(35.37%对8.47%,P<0.05),过敏性鼻炎症状如鼻塞、鼻痒、打喷、流涕评分更高(P<0.05)。结论哮喘合并OSAS高危患儿更容易出现哮喘控制欠佳、过敏性鼻炎症状重、腺样体肥大发生率高的情况。

Objective This study aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of children with asthma who were at high risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS).Methods A questionnaire survey among outpatient pediatric asthmatic children were conducted from September 2019 to January 2021.Children were categorized into an OSAS high-risk group and a control group based on responses to the questionnaire.Results A total of 200 asthmatic children were included,with 41.00%falling into the OSAS high-risk category.More uncontrolled asthmatic patients were found OSAS high-risk children(60.00%vs.36.25%,χ^(2)=7.46,P=0.006).Additionally,children in the OSAS high-risk group experienced a higher incidence of nocturnal asthma attacks(20.73%vs.6.78%,P<0.05)and exerciseinduced asthma symptoms(26.83%vs.13.56%,P<0.05).The prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy was also greater in the OSAS high-risk group(35.37%vs.8.47%,P<0.05),along with more severe symptoms of allergic rhinitis(P<0.05).Conclusion Children with asthma who are at high risk for OSAS are more likely to exhibit poorly controlled asthma,severe symptoms of allergic rhinitis,and a higher incidence of adenoid hypertrophy.