农产品服务供应链网络均衡与实现路径

Network Equilibrium and Realization Path of Agricultural Product Service Supply Chain

我国农产品具有产量大、易腐烂等特征,这导致农产品的市场需求具有不确定性和变化性。农产品供应链的生产决策与销售决策常常会因为缺乏科学和充分的决策手段难以匹配市场需求的变化,导致农产品存在风险。针对农产品供应链,分析了相关理论及利益相关者,并构建农产品服务供应链网络均衡模型。基于变分不等式,以石门柑橘为例,研究农产品服务供应链各个主体存在的风险权重系数对农产品服务供应链网络均衡的影响。研究结果表明:随着农产品供应商的风险权重系数增大,农产品供应商、服务供应链核心企业及农产品服务供应链整个链条的利润均呈现减少的状态;随着服务供应链核心企业的风险权重系数增加,农产品供应商的利润有所增加,而服务供应链核心企业及服务供应链整个链条的利润均有不同程度的减少。针对存在的问题,从建立农产品服务供应链数字平台、规范农产品服务供应链流程、完善农产品服务供应链相关政策、增强农产品服务供应链的风险防范能力等四个方面提出农产品服务供应链网络均衡实现路径,以期优化农产品服务供应链,提升农产品服务供应链整体的服务质量和服务水平。

In this paper,we pointed out that agricultural products in China,usually large in number and perishable in nature,would cause uncertainty of market demand and then affect the production and sales decisionmaking in the supply chain.Firstly,we analyzed the relevant theories and stakeholders of an agricultural product service supply chain,built three equilibrium models respectively for the agricultural product supplier,supply chain core enterprise and demand market,and then built the network equilibrium model of the agricultural product service supply chain.Next,taking the Shimen Orange as example,we used the variational inequality theory to analyze the influence of risk weight coefficient of the agricultural product supplier and supply chain core enterprise on the equilibrium of the network.The research shows that the risk weight coefficients of the supplier and the core enterprise have significant impact on the transaction volume,payment willingness and production scale of the supply chain.With the increase of the risk weight coefficient of the supplier,the profits of the agricultural product supplier,the core enterprise and the supply chain as a whole will all decrease;and with the increase of the risk weight coefficient of the core enterprise,the profit of the agricultural product supplier will increase somewhat,but the profits of the core enterprise and the supply chain as a whole will decrease by varying degrees.On such basis,the authors suggest that enterprises should pay attention to these coefficients and make differentiated decisions to maximize benefits and improve the overall service quality and ability.Finally,we put forward four ways to realize the equilibrium of the agricultural product service supply chain network as follows.Firstly,we should establish a digital platform and strengthen information construction to solve the problem of unstable cooperation relationship and asymmetry of supply and demand.Secondly,we should standardize the supply chain process,unify production standards,improve the traceability system,and avoid logistics risks.Thirdly,we should improve relevant support policies,and control logistics and operational risks.Fourthly,we should strengthen risk prevention capabilities and improve supply chain stability through information sharing,risk assessment and early warning mechanism.The above research provides a new way to deal with the imbalance of the agricultural product service supply chain network and the contradiction between small farmers and large markets,which is helpful to realize the optimization of the supply chain and the maximization of network value.