认知资源对空中交通管制员工作状态影响的脑电研究

EEG Study on Influence of Cognitive Resources on Working State of Air Traffic Controller

以往对于空中交通管制员的工作负荷、情景意识等心理因素的分析基本是通过问卷调查或主观测量的方式来进行,很少涉及生理测量和心理过程分析,出台的相关规章和措施大多是基于以往的工作经验,以致于难以更全面地把握人的因素对空管工作的影响。本研究则从认知心理学的角度入手,根据认知资源理论和工作记忆模型等原理,创造性地通过测量和分析模拟工作状态下管制员的脑电信号的方式,考察管制员在工作时的认知加工过程。本研究发现了在空管工作中不同认知资源分配状态对管制员的警惕水平、压力水平、专注度、负荷水平等方面的影响。此研究结果对揭示空中交通管制员在工作状态下,外部环境对其内在心理所造成的影响具有较为重要的意义。

In the past,the analysis of psychological factors such as workload and situation awareness of air traffic controllers was mostly conducted through questionnaire surveys or subjective measurement with little involvement in physiological measurement and psychological process analysis.The relevant regulations and measures issued were mostly based on the past work experience,making it difficult to fully grasp the impact of human factors on air traffic control work.This study starts from the perspective of cognitive psychology based on cognitive resource theory and working memory models and creatively examines the method of measuring and analyzing the EEG signals of controllers in a simulated work state to investigate the cognitive processing of controllers during work.This study finds the impact of different cognitive resource allocation states on the vigilance level,stress level,concentration,load level etc.of controllers in air traffic control work.The results of this study are of great significance to reveal the influence of the external environment on the internal psychology of air traffic controllers during their work condition.