跨省流域横向生态补偿政策与绿色经济发展——基于中国县域面板数据的经验研究

Trans-provincial Watershed Horizontal Ecological Compensation Policy and Green Economic Development:An Empirical Study Based on County-level Panel Data in China

跨省流域横向生态补偿政策是解决流域跨界污染问题的重要手段,其对绿色经济发展的影响备受关注。本文运用熵权法测度2003—2019年中国县域绿色经济发展水平,并以9个跨省流域横向生态补偿政策试点为准自然实验,采取渐进双重差分法探究跨省流域横向生态补偿政策对试点地区绿色经济发展水平的影响。研究发现:实施跨省流域横向生态补偿政策对于试点地区的绿色经济发展具有显著的促进作用;跨省流域横向生态补偿政策能够通过减少能源消耗量和提升创业活跃度提升试点地区的绿色经济发展水平;相较于位于流域下游和东部省份的地区,对于位于流域上游和中西部省份的地区,跨省流域横向生态补偿政策在提升绿色经济发展水平方面的效果更为显著;绿色经济发展水平提高的主要来源为污染减排效应的提升,而经济增长效应的提升仅出现在上游地区。

The trans-provincial watershed horizontal ecological compensation policy is a crucial instrument for addressing trans-boundary pollution within watersheds,and its impact on green economic development is of significant interest.This paper employs the entropy weight method to measure China's county-level green economic development level from 2003 to 2019.Then,this study takes nine cross-provincial watershed horizontal ecological compensation policy pilots as quasi-natural experiments,and adopts a staggered difference-in-differences method to explore the impact of trans-provincial watershed horizontal ecological compensation policies on green economic development level in the pilot areas.The results show that:The trans-provincial watershed horizontal ecological compensation policy significantly promotes the green economic development in the pilot areas.The trans-provincial watershed ecological compensation policy can enhance the level of green economic development in pilot areas by reducing energy consumption and boosting entrepreneurial activity.Compared to areas located downstream within the watershed and situated in provinces in eastern China,the effect of the inter-provincial watershed horizontal ecological compensation policy on improving the level of green economic development is more significant for areas located upstream within the watershed and situated in central and western provinces.The main source of the improvement in green economic development level is the increase in pollution reduction effects,while the increase in economic growth effects only occurs in upstream areas.The above conclusions provide directions for policy improvement and hold important implications for promoting green economic development.