高职实习护生生涯焦虑潜在类别及影响因素

Potential categories and influencing factors of career anxiety among higher vocational nursing interns

目的调查高职实习护生生涯焦虑潜在类别,并对其影响因素进行探讨,旨在为调整高职护生核心素养培养方向、优化高职实习护生临床实践管理模式提供有价值的参考依据。方法采用便利抽样法,以安徽省3家三甲医院和安徽省7所高职院校的851名高职实习护生为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、生涯焦虑量表进行问卷调查,运用潜在剖面分析识别其生涯焦虑的潜在类型,采用有序多分类logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果高职实习护生生涯焦虑分为3个潜在类别的模型,分别定义为“低生涯焦虑型”“中生涯焦虑型”和“高生涯焦虑型”,分别占调查对象的22.91%(195例)、51.12%(435例)和25.97%(221例)。生涯焦虑量表总得分分别为(31.98±7.59)分、(45.66±8.16)分和(55.53±8.55)分。不同生涯焦虑潜在类别高职实习护生实习时间(χ^(2)=47.247,P<0.001)、家庭月收入(χ^(2)=58.259,P<0.001)、家人从事相关职业(χ^(2)=17.832,P<0.001)比较差异有统计学意义。有序多分类logistic分析结果显示,家庭月收入(OR=0.427,95%CI:0.297~0.612)、家人从事相关职业(OR=0.066,95%CI:0.045~0.950)与高职护生生涯焦虑水平有关。结论高职实习护生生涯焦虑可分为“低生涯焦虑型”“中生涯焦虑型”和“高生涯焦虑型”3种类型,需针对家庭月收入较低、无家人从事相关职业者进行针对性干预以降低其生涯焦虑水平。

Objective To investigate the potential categories of career anxiety among higher vocational nursing interns,to explore their influencing factors,and to provide a reference basis for adjusting higher vocational nursing interns’direction of core literacy training and optimizing their clinical practice management mode.Methods Eight hundred and fifty-one higher vocational nursing interns from 3 tertiary Grade-A hospitals and 7 higher vocational colleges in Anhui Province were selected as the research subjects by convenient sampling method.The general information questionnaire and career anxiety scale were used to conduct a questionnaire survey.The potential types of career anxiety were identified by potential profile analysis,and the influencing factors were analyzed by ordered multi-classification logistic regression.Results The higher vocational nursing interns’career anxiety were divided into three potential categories,which were defined as low career anxiety type,medium career anxiety type and high career anxiety type,accounting for 22.91%(195/851),51.12%(435/851)and 25.97%(221/851)of the respondents respectively.The total scores of career anxiety scale were(31.98±7.59),(45.66±8.16)and(55.53±8.55)respectively.There were statistically significant differences in internship time(χ^(2)=47.247,P<0.001),monthly family income(χ^(2)=58.259,P<0.001)and family members engaged in related occupations(χ^(2)=17.832,P<0.001)among the higher vocational nursing interns with different potential categories of career anxiety.The results of ordered multi-classification logistics analysis displayed that monthly family income(OR=0.427,95%CI:0.297-0.612)and family members engaged in related occupations(OR=0.066,95%CI:0.045-0.950)were related to the higher vocational nursing interns’career anxiety levels.Conclusion The higher vocational nursing interns’career anxiety can be divided into three types,namely,low career anxiety type,medium career anxiety type and high career anxiety type.Targeted interventions should be conducted for those with low monthly family income and without family members engaged in related occupations so as to reduce their career anxiety levels.