2021年温州市3所高校学生电子烟使用现况及影响因素分析

Prevalence of electronic cigarette use and its influencing factors among students of 3 universities in Wenzhou City,2021

目的分析温州市大学生电子烟使用现况、二手烟暴露及影响大学生使用过电子烟和现在使用电子烟的因素,为温州大学生控烟干预提供依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,对温州市3所高校2118名学生电子烟使用相关行为进行手机扫二维码匿名自填式问卷调查,描述不同大学生群体曾经使用过电子烟、现在使用电子烟现况,通过多因素二元logistic回归分析影响大学生曾经使用及现在使用电子烟的因素。结果回收有效问卷2116份,有效应答率为99.90%。大学生听说过电子烟比例为95.27%,曾经使用过电子烟率6.71%,现在使用电子烟率1.65%。不同特征学生群体曾经使用过电子烟率和现在使用电子烟率,差异有统计学意义,男生(11.11%、3.19%)高于女生(2.97%、0.35%)、专科(11.86%、3.28%)高于本科(4.91%、1.08%)、非医学类(8.97%、2.57%)高于医学类(3.73%、0.44%),不同年级间曾经使用过电子烟、现在使用电子烟率也不同,且存在随着年级升高而升高的趋势。最近一次使用电子烟的来源是同学或朋友给的50.77%,其次是电子烟体验店(电子烟零售店)购买23.08%、网上购买12.31%。使用电子烟的原因是喜欢某些口味27.69%、危害小15.38%、戒烟13.85%。现在电子烟使用者使用的口味依次是水果口味50.00%、烟草口味22.22%、草本口味11.11%,每月在电子烟上花费平均是100元。多因素logistic回归分析发现女生、校园里没有老师吸烟是大学生曾经使用过电子烟、现在使用电子烟的共同保护因素,本科生相对于专科生是曾经使用过电子烟的保护因素;低年级学生、医学类学生是现在使用电子烟的保护因素。被调查的学生,在校园里见到有老师吸烟的比例是34.69%,其中几乎每天都看到老师吸烟比例是3.17%。被调查学生知晓二手烟可引起成人肺癌(92.53%)、儿童肺部疾病的比例(91.12%),高于知晓二手烟可导致成人心脏疾病的比例(80.29%)。结论温州市大学生现在使用电子烟比例升高,专科及非医学院校是高校的控烟重点单位,而高年级的男生则是电子烟控制的重点人群。积极推动温州市公共场所控烟立法可有效降低公众二手烟危害,强化无烟校园建设,加强电子烟危害宣传,杜绝或推迟青少年的电子烟尝试,将有利于减少新烟民的产生。

Objective To investigate the current status of electronic cigarette(e-cigarette)use,secondhand smoke exposure and the factors influencing e-cigarette tries and current e-cigarette use among university students in Wenzhou City,and to provide a basis for tobacco control interventions among university students in Wenzhou City.Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to select 2,118 students from 3 universities in Wenzhou City,and then an anonymous self-filling questionnaire survey on behaviors related to e-cigarette use was conducted through scanning a QR code with a smartphone camera.We descriptively analyzed the status of university students who had used e-cigarettes and ones who were using e-cigarettes.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze the factors affecting the university students who had used e-cigarettes and ones who were using e-cigarettes.Results A total of 2,116 valid questionnaires were retrieved,with the effective response rate of 99.90%.Of all the university students surveyed,95.27%had heard about e-cigarettes,6.71%%reported that they had used e-cigarettes,and 1.65%reported that they were using e-cigarettes.There were statistically significant differences in the rates of e-cigarette tries and current e-cigarette use among student groups with different characteristics,and the two rates were higher in male students(11.11%,3.19%)than in female students(2.97%,0.35%),higher in junior college students(11.86%,3.28%)than in undergraduates(4.91%,1.08%),and higher in non-medical students(8.97%,2.57%)than in medical students(3.73%,0.44%).The rates of e-cigarette tries and current e-cigarette use were different among university students with different grades,and showed upward trends with the increase of grades.As for the e-cigarette sources,50.77%of the respondents reported that they used e-cigarettes from classmates or friends in the last time,23.08%bought from e-cigarette experience stores or e-cigarette retail stores,and 12.31%from online stores.The causes for e-cigarette use were to like certain flavors(27.69%),consider e-cigarettes with less harmfulness(15.38%)and quit smoking(13.85%).As for current e-cigarette users,fruit flavors were the most popular(50.00%),followed by tobacco flavor(22.22%)and herbal flavor(11.11%),and the average cost of the current e-cigarette users was 100 Yuan per month.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that female students and having no teachers smoking on campus were the common protective factors for e-cigarette tries and current e-cigarette use.Undergraduates were the protective factor for e-cigarette tries compared with junior college students,while freshmen,sophomores and medical students were the protective factors for current e-cigarette use.34.69%of the surveyed students reported seeing teachers smoking on campus,of which 3.17%reported seeing teachers smoking on campus almost on a daily basis.Among the surveyed students,the proportions of having the awareness about adults’lung cancer(92.53%)and children’pulmonary diseases(91.12%)caused by secondhand smoke were higher than that of having the awareness about adults’cardiopathy(80.29%)caused by secondhand smoke.Conclusion The proportion of current e-cigarette use in the university students surveyed in Wenzhou City increased.Junior colleges and non-medical colleges are the key units for tobacco control,and senior male students the key group for tobacco control.Active promoting the legislation of smoking ban in public places in Wenzhou City can effectively reduce the harmfulness of secondhand smoke.It is conducive to reducing the generation of new smokers through strengthening the construction of smoke-free campuses,enhancing the publicity regarding harmfulness of e-cigarettes,and prohibiting or delaying the teenagers’attempt of e-cigarettes.