进一步全面深化改革下自然保护地立法的逻辑进路——以“基于自然的解决方案”为视角

The Logical Approach to Legislation on Protected Natural Areas under the Context of Comprehensive Deepening Reform:a Perspective Based on"Nature-Based Solutions"

党的二十届三中全会提出“全面推进以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设”的改革目标,为确保此项重大改革于法有据,需要加强自然保护地立法工作。目前,通过主动保护、修复和管理自然生态系统以应对全球重大社会挑战,此类新的解决方案及其行动已被广泛称为“基于自然的解决方案”,而自然保护地建设和管理正是其重要内容和手段之一。其所遵循的八项基本准则对于我国自然保护地立法工作中的明确立法目的、基于自然保护地的特殊空间属性进行决策、加强生态系统的功能性与连通性、确保资金投入的长期可持续、健全自然保护地的治理体系、协调生态保护与经济发展的关系、建立自然保护地的适应性管理机制、构建自然保护地法律体系等核心问题提供了新的范式支持。

The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee proposed the reform goal of"comprehensively advancing the construction of a natural protected area system with national parks as the mainstay."To ensure that this major reform is legally grounded,it is necessary to strengthen legislation on natural protected areas.Currently,the approach of proactively protecting,restoring,and managing natural ecosystems to address global social challenges has been widely recognized as"Nature-Based Solutions"(NbS).The construction and management of natural protected areas are among the key components and methods of these solutions.The eight fundamental principles of NbS provide new paradigms for addressing core issues in the legislation of natural protected areas,including clearly defining legislative objectives,making decisions based on the unique spatial attributes of protected areas,enhancing the functionality and connectivity of ecosystems,ensuring the long-term sustainability of financial investments,improving the governance system of protected areas,coordinating ecological protection with economic development,establishing adaptive management mechanisms for protected areas,and refining the legislative framework for natural protected areas.