新中国改革开放前中药材出口贸易研究(1949—1978)

A Study on the Export Trade of Chinese Medicinal Materials Before the Reform and Opening up of New China(1949-1978)

对1949—1978年中国中药材出口贸易进行初步探索,既有助于理顺中药材出口贸易早期的发展历程,也可以增进对我国国家统制贸易体制下大宗商品贸易情况的认识。研究表明,中药材出口贸易处于高度集中的管理体制下,受到国内生产和商业的影响较少,20世纪60年代中药材出口生产基地的建设对保障中药材出口的稳定性发挥了重要作用。文章试图说明,虽然长期服从于“内销服从外销”原则,但中药材不仅仅是普通农副产品,还是关乎国民生命健康的医药,国家在平衡内销、外销关系时采取了较为灵活的政策。

This article provides a preliminary exploration of the export trade of Chinese medicinal materials from 1949 to 1978,which not only helps to streamline the early development process of Chinese medicinal material export trade,but also enhances the understanding of the situation of bulk commodity trade under China's national controlled trade system.The research indicates that the export trade of Chinese medicinal materials is under a highly centralized management system,and is less affected by domestic production and commerce.The construction of Chinese medicinal material export production bases in the 1960s played an important role in ensuring the stability of Chinese medicinal material exports.This article also attempts to illustrate that although it has long been subject to the principle of"domestic sales obeying export sales",Chinese medicinal materials is not only a common agricultural and sideline product,but also a medicine that is related to the life and health of the people.The country has adopted a more flexible policy in balancing the relationship between domestic and export sales.