农业转移人口市民化:政策演化、现实挑战与施策重点

The Citizenization of Agricultural Transfer Population:Policy Evolution,Current Challenges,and Key Measures

农业转移人口市民化是推进新型城镇化、促进城乡融合发展的必然选择。党的十八大以来,国家对农业转移人口市民化的工作逐步深化,取得显著进展。然而,当前仍面临迁入地、迁出地以及农业转移人口自身因素的三重障碍,体现在迁入地财政和用地压力较大、落户政策与农业转移人口落户意愿不匹配、农村“三权”退出不畅、农业转移人口购房能力不足以及城市融入度较低等问题。针对农业转移人口市民化的现实困境,未来亟需从深化户籍制度改革、健全常住地提供基本公共服务制度、促进农业转移人口在城镇稳定就业、发挥农村“三权”退出的支撑作用以及完善农业转移人口市民化激励政策五个方面重点持续发力,加快农业转移人口市民化进程。

The citizenization of agricultural transfer population is a necessary choice for advancing new urbanization and promoting integrated urban-rural development.Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the requirement for the citizenization of agricultural transfer population has gradually deepened,and significant progress has been made to the citizenization process.However,the current citizenization of agricultural transfer population in China still faces triple obstacles in terms of the destination areas,the origin areas,and the agricultural transfer populations themselves.These obstacles manifest in significant fiscal and land pressure in destination areas,mismatches between settlement policies and the hukou-registration willingness of agricultural transfer populations,difficulties in the withdrawal of rural"Three Rights",limited housing affordability,and low levels of urban integration.To address these challenges with respect to agricultural transfer populations,future efforts must focus on five key areas,including deepening hukou-registration reform,improving the system for providing basic public services at the place of residence,promoting stable employment of agricultural transfer populations in urban areas,leveraging the supportive role of rural"Three Rights"withdrawal,and enhancing incentive policies for the citizenization of agricultural transfer populations.These efforts are expected to accelerate the citizenization process of agricultural transfer population.