固定化微生物对新污染物污染土壤的固碳消污作用

Carbon sequestration and decontamination effects of char-based immobilized microorganisms in soils contaminated with emerging contaminants

炭基材料既可在土壤固碳减排方面发挥重要作用,又可作为功能微生物的固定化载体.然而,目前炭基材料研究多聚焦于消污或固碳单一方向,而对其固碳消污的协同效应缺乏系统了解.为了全面地认识炭基材料在环境治理中的作用,本文综述了炭基材料国内外最新研究进展,系统整理了生物炭、活性炭、碳纳米管、碳基纳米材料等常用于固定化功能微生物的炭基材料,分析了炭基材料在土壤固碳减排方面的效能及其作用机制.梳理了炭基材料固定化微生物在治理新污染物污染土壤方面的“消污”作用及其原理.分别从协同耦合固碳消污、提升炭基材料资源利用率、创新复合菌群固定以及固定化技术产业应用等方面展望了未来研发方向,以期为利用炭基材料来协同实现土壤固碳消污提供参考依据.

Char-based materials can play a key role in soil carbon sequestration and emission reduction,and can also be used as immobilized carriers of functional microorganisms.However,at present,relevant studies merely focus on a single direction of decontamination or carbon sequestration,lacking a systematic understanding of the synergistic effects of char-based materials.To comprehensively understand the role of char-based materials in environmental control,this review systematically summarized the recent research progress on the char-based materials used for microorganism-immobilization including biochar,activated carbon,carbon nanotubes,and carbon-based nanomaterials.The efficiencies and mechanisms of carbon-based materials in soil carbon sequestration and emission reduction were elucidated,and the effects and mechanisms of char-based materials-immobilized microorganisms on emerging contaminant decontamination in soil were also clarified.This review also pointed out the future studies including synergistical effects on the carbon sequestration and decontamination of char-based immobilized microorganisms,efficiency improvement of char-based materials,innovation of microbial-consortium immobilization methods,and industrial application of immobilized technology,which will provide some insights for the application of char-based materials to synergistically achieve the goal of“carbon fixation and pollution elimination”in contaminated soils.