新安医家孙一奎外感病论治特色探析

Analysis of SUN Yikui’s treatment characteristics of exogenous diseases

对《孙文垣医案》《赤水玄珠》《医旨绪余》中外感病的病案进行分析,归纳孙一奎外感病(包括六淫病与温热病)的论治特色。其六淫病论治特色:风寒之邪性散敛,伤寒病治宜辨识药之气味;热邪为火令所化,热病辨治内外君相四火;湿邪易挟热生痰,湿病以升阳降浊清中宫为纲;暑邪伤人多危急,暑病贵在冬季保阴以治未病;燥有“令气之燥”与“病机之燥”之分,燥病临证莫执润燥一法。温热病论治特色:伏邪而化温,六经与时月互参而治;感四时不正之气则化疫,活用清解补渍诸法;火邪加临疫气而生瘟毒,清散中加痰药收效。孙一奎外感病论治特色丰富了中医外感病辨治理论,有助于发挥传统中医药治疗传染病、流行病的优势。

By analyzing the medical records of exogenous diseases in Sun Wenyuan's Medical Cases,Chishui Xuanzhu,and Yizhi Xuyu,the paper summarized SUN Yikui's treatment characteristics of exogenous diseases(including six externally-pathogenic diseases and heat diseases).The treatment characteristics of the six externally-pathogenic diseases are as follows:the pathogenic wind-cold is marked by its capacity to disperse and constrict,and in the treatment of the disease,the properties of the medicinal herbs employed should be taken into consideration;heat pathogen is transformed by fire,and heat diseases are treated by differentiating internal,external fire and Jun,Xiang;dampness is prone to combine with heat to produce phlegm and the principle for treating dampness-related diseases is to raise Yang Qi and clear the middle burner;summer-heat evil is more severe,and summer-heat diseases are treated in winter by protecting Yin to cure the potential disease;dryness is divided into“the dryness of qi”and“the dryness of disease mechanism”,and when dealing with dryness,one should not rely solely on moistening dryness.The treatment characteristics of heat diseases:heat diseases are caused by latent pathogens transforming heat,and treating by coordinating the six meridians with the time and month;if the pathogenic qi of the four seasons affects,it will turn into an epidemic,and various methods to heat-clearing method,reconciling method,invigoration method,and slightly sweating method should be employed;fire pathogen combined with epidemic pathogens gene-rates toxins,and clearing and dispersing the pathogen with a medicine for phlegm will be effective.The therapeutic features of SUN Yikui's theory of exogenous diseases have enriched the theory of exogenous disease diagnosis and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine,which helps to enhance the advantage of traditional Chinese medicine in treating infectious diseases and epidemics.