利用酵母生物合成虾青素的研究进展

Research progress on biosynthesis of astaxanthin by yeast

虾青素因具有抗氧化、着色和提高免疫力等特性,被广泛应用在化妆品、饲料添加剂和医药等行业中。虾青素的传统生产工艺主要包括自然提取和化学合成,然而其不能满足日益增长的市场需求和消费者对天然产品的需求。随着合成生物学的快速发展,利用微生物发酵合成虾青素是一个更有效率的途径。许多天然来源的虾青素,如通过红法夫酵母和基因工程改造酵母(如酿酒酵母、解脂耶氏酵母和马克斯克鲁维酵母等)已经被分离和构建。为了提高工业酵母发酵产虾青素的效率,研究人员利用诱变、基因改造和发酵调控等多种策略,探索了利用不同的廉价底物合成虾青素的方法。该文系统地综述酵母合成虾青素的研究进展,从酵母的代谢途径分析影响虾青素合成的主要因素和利用不同原料合成虾青素的现状,并提出酵母高产虾青素的方法和策略。

Astaxanthin is widely used in industries such as cosmetics,feed additives,and healthcare due to its antioxidant,coloring,and health-promoting properties.The traditional production process of astaxanthin mainly includes natural extraction and chemical synthesis.However,they cannot meet the growing market demand and consumer demand for natural products.With the rapid development of synthetic biology,the synthesis of astaxanthin by microbial fermentation is a more efficient way.Many naturally occurring sources of astaxanthin,such as Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous and genetically engineered yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Yarrowia lipolyticus,and Kluyveromyces marxianus,have been isolated and constructed.To improve the efficiency of astaxanthin production through industrial yeast fermentation,researchers used a variety of strategies such as mutagenesis,genetic modification,and fermentation regulation,and explored ways to synthesize astaxanthin using different cheap substrates.Therefore,this study systematically reviews the research progress of yeast astaxanthin synthesis,analyzes the main factors affecting astaxanthin synthesis from the metabolic pathway of yeast and the current status of astaxanthin synthesis using different raw materials,and proposes methods and strategies for yeast to produce astaxanthin.