非药物干预措施解除后儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染流行现状及其临床特征与防治

Epidemic status,clinical characteristics,prevention and therapy of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children after the lifting of non-pharmaceutical interventions

针对新型冠状病毒感染疫情的非药物干预(non-pharmaceutical interventions,NPIs)限制了多种呼吸道病原的传播,NPIs解除后,全球多个国家及地区再度出现不同程度的呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)流行,并且显示出不同以往的流行病学及临床特征,为临床工作带来新的挑战。该文就全球不同地区NPIs解除后儿童RSV的流行现状、临床特征与其变化相关的潜在机制以及防治措施进行阐述,以期加强对NPIs解除后儿童RSV感染的关注和认识,为进一步优化儿童RSV感染预防及诊治策略提供参考。

Non-pharmaceutical interventions(NPIs)against the COVID-19 restricted the spread of respiratory infectious diseases.After the lifting of NPIs for the COVID-19 pandemic,a resurgence of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)has been observed in multiple countries and regions globally,exhibiting epidemiological and clinical characteristics distinct from previous RSV epidemic during the pre-COVID-19 era.This resurgence poses new challenges for clinical management of RSV infection.This review elucidates the changes in epidemiological and clinical features of pediatric RSV epidemic after the lifting of NPIs,potential mechanisms underlying these changes,as well as advances in RSV prevention and control,aiming to enhance the understanding of pediatric RSV infection following the lifting of NPIs,and provides reference for further optimization of strategies in the prevention,control,and clinical management of pediatric RSV infection.