观念与实体:论国家民族及其双重建构

Concept and Entity:on the State-nation and Its Dual Construction

国家民族与现代民族国家相伴而生,是取得国家形式的民族共同体。无论原生性民族国家还是模仿性民族国家,其国家民族的政治属性都并非自然产生,而是经历人为建构过程,即国家民族建构。国家民族建构包括民族观念塑造与民族实体整合两个面向,前者属于国家民族内核建构,旨在凝聚国族观念与价值共识,强化民族成员国家民族身份归属感与国家认同感;后者属于国家民族样态建构,其目的是通过民族国家对族际关系的协调,将国内存在文化差异的不同民族整合成为统一国家民族,培育国家认同主体的国民性。观念塑造与实体整合两个面向联系紧密、彼此嵌套、相辅相成,共同维系国家民族共同体。在现代民族国家内部民族结构呈现多族化特征的当代,探讨国家民族及其建构问题具有重要价值。

State-nation goes with nation-state,which is a national community in the form of state.Whether it is a native nation-state or an imitative one,the political attributes of the nation-state do not arise naturally,but undergo a process of artificial construction,that is,the nation-state construction.The construction includes the shaping of the national concept and the integration of the national entity.The former belongs to the core construction of the state-nation,which aims to condense the national concept and value consensus,and strengthen the sense of belonging and national identity of the national members;the latter belongs to the exterior construction of the state-nation,which aims to integrate different ethnic groups with cultural differences in the state into a unified nation through the coordination of inter-ethnic relationship,and cultivate the national character of the subject of national identity.The two aspects of conceptual shaping and entity integration are closely related,nested and complementary,and jointly contribute to the maintenance and preservation of the national community.In the contemporary era when the ethnic structure within a modern nation-state is characterized by multi-ethnic groups,it is of great value to discuss the issues of national ethnicity and its construction.