金融支持高水平科技自立自强的逻辑框架和关键突破

The Logical Framework and Key Breakthrough of Financial Support for Greater Self-reliance and Strength in Science and Technology

实现高水平科技自立自强是中国式现代化建设的关键。金融与科技关系密切,实现高水平科技自立自强离不开金融支持。为此,应以各级政府部门和中央银行为行政主体,以金融机构、资本市场等为市场主体,重点支持科技创新企业、科研院所以及高等院校,通过行政机制和市场机制双向作用,发挥融资功能、风险管理功能以及信息揭示功能,实现四个面向的重大目标。针对高水平科技自立自强的高风险性与商业银行的经营原则天然对立,资本市场发育不完善、融资门槛过高导致部分科技企业被挤出,科技保险发育不完善导致科技保险市场出现“供需双冷”以及科技担保体系不健全制约金融支持高水平科技自立自强等问题,首先,应通过多元化金融产品创新和制度创新,突破关键难题,提高金融支持高水平科技自立自强的质量和效率;其次,要完善顶层设计,充分发挥政府和金融监管部门的推动作用,探索金融支持高水平科技自立自强的新模式,建立健全风险保障机制,助推高水平科技自立自强顺利实施。

Greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology is the key to the modernization with Chinese characteristics.Finance and science and technology are closely related,and financial support is indispensable to achieving high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.To this end,key financial support should be given to scientific and technological innovation enterprises,scientific research institutes and colleges and universities,government departments at all levels and central banks being the administrative entities and financial institutions and capital markets being the market entities.Through the two-way role of administrative mechanisms and market mechanisms,full play is given to the financing function,risk management function and information disclosure function to achieve four major goals.Due to the natural opposition between the high risks of greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology and the operating principles of commercial banks,as well as the imperfect development of capital market and high financing threshold,some technology companies have been crowded out of market;the underdevelopment of science and technology insurance has caused insufficient supply and demand in the insurance market;and the shortage in science and technology guarantee system has restricted financial support for greater self-reliance in science and technology.Considering this,we should break through key problems and improve the quality and efficiency of financial support for high-level scientific and technological self-reliance through diversified financial product innovation and institutional innovation.We should improve top-level design,give full play to the promoting role of the government and financial regulatory authorities,and explore new models of financial support for high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.We should establish and improve risk protection mechanisms,and speed up efforts to achieve greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology.