碳中和立法的内在逻辑和体系化构造

The Internal Logic and Systematic Structure of Carbon Neutrality Legislation

碳中和立法应符合碳中和内在规律和法治的双重逻辑。一方面,碳中和立法要尊重和回应碳中和过程中的自然属性、技术路径以及内在规律,加强法律规范与碳中和技术规范、碳交易市场规范等碳中和内在规则的交互与融合;另一方面,碳中和对权力的科层分工结构、“分而治之”监管体系和“权利-权力”二元结构等产生冲击,因而,碳中和立法要在协调不同主体利益关系,平衡政府与市场、国内与国际关系等多重价值下推进法治革新。基于碳中和的“事实-规范”逻辑,碳中和需要进行体系化立法。碳中和立法的体系化包含形式意义上结构的体系化和实质意义上功能的体系化。结构的体系化即通过立改废释等方式,构建完整的碳中和立法框架;功能的体系化即将碳中和与应对气候变化的法律功能以“原则-规则”为主线,配置给不同的法律法规,并与涉及的外部法律进行衔接。由此,碳中和立法才能支撑碳中和目标的实现。

Carbon neutrality legislation should comply with the dual logic of carbon neutrality and the rule of law.On the one hand,carbon neutrality legislation must respect and respond to the natural attributes,technical paths and inherent laws in the process of carbon neutrality,and strengthen the interaction and integration of legal norms with inherent rules of carbon neutrality such as carbon neutrality technical norms and carbon trading market norms.On the other hand,carbon neutrality has an impact on the hierarchical division of power structure,the"divide-and-rule"supervision system,and the dual structure of"right and power".Therefore,carbon neutrality legislation must coordinate the interests of different entities,making a balance between the government and the market,domestic and international relations and other multiple values to promote legal innovation.Based on the"factual norm"logic of carbon neutrality,carbon neutrality requires systematic legislation.The systematization of carbon neutrality legislation includes the systematization of structure in the formal sense and the systematization of functions in the substantive sense.Systematization of structure refers to the construction of a complete legislative framework for carbon neutrality through legislative reform,abolition and release;systematization of functions is to allocate the legal functions of carbon neutrality and climate change to different laws and regulations based on"principles and rules",and connect them with the external laws involved.With this internal logic and systematic structure,carbon neutrality legislation can support the realization of carbon neutrality goals.