中国农村最低生活保障水平的影响因素组态路径研究

Research on the Configuration Path of Influencing Factors on the Minimum Living Guarantee Level in Rural China

以安德森模型为基础,构建了“客观需要、促进资源、倾向特征”三个层面影响因素的组态分析框架。使用动态QCA方法,采集了2012—2021年我国31个省份的样本数据,共计310个案例。从时间维度和空间维度探寻提高中国农村最低生活保障水平的组态路径。研究发现:影响中国农村最低生活保障水平存在三种主要路径,即三种模式:需要-主导型、需要-特征型和需要-资源型。中国农村最低生活保障水平的提升路径存在替代效应,可通过调整“恩格尔系数”“农村政策保障供给”“农村住房均价”等主观可控因素进一步有针对性地提高生活保障水平。时间维度上总体一致性较高,表明各因素对生活保障水平的影响具有稳定性。空间维度上,不同地区存在一定的组态偏好差异。华东、华南和华中地区倾向于需要-主导型,华南、华北、东北地区倾向于需要-特征型,西北地区则更倾向于需要-资源型。因此,在制定提高农村最低生活保障水平的策略时,地方政府需综合考虑经济、政策和社会多元因素之间的联动效应,明晰核心因素的替代策略,还应因地制宜、因情施策。

Based on the Anderson model,this paper constructs a configuration analysis framework for the three levels of influencing factors:objective needs,promoting resources,and tendency characteristics.The dynamic QCA method is used to collect the sample data from 31 provinces in China from 2012 to 2021,with a total of 310 cases.It explores the configuration path to improve the minimum living guarantee level in rural China from the vertical time dimension and horizontal regional dimension.The findings show that there are three main paths that affect the minimum living guarantee level in rural China,namely,the three models:demand-dominant,demand-characteristics,and demand-resources.There is a substitution effect in the path of improving the minimum living guarantee level in rural China,which can be further targeted by adjusting the subjective controllable factors such as the Engel coefficient,rural policy guarantee supply,and rural housing average price.The overall consistency in the time dimension is high,indicating that the impact of various factors on the level of living security is stable.On the regional dimension,there are certain differences in the configuration preferences among different regions.The East China,South China,and Central China regions tend to be demand-dominant,while the South China,North China,and Northeast regions tend to be demand-characteristics,and the Northwest region tends to be demand-resources.