外泌体非编码RNA对固有免疫细胞调节作用的研究进展

Advances in regulation of exosome non⁃coding RNA on innate immune cells

固有免疫细胞在机体抗感染和抗肿瘤免疫中发挥重要作用,常见的固有免疫细胞主要有巨噬细胞、自然杀伤细胞(natural killer,NK)、树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)和中性粒细胞等。外泌体作为一种新的亚细胞实体,可通过在细胞外空间循环时运输微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)、长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)、环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)等非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)调节受体细胞的生物活性。其中miRNA可通过直接靶向mRNA诱导基因沉默,而lncRNA和circRNA可作为miRNA海绵吸附并抑制miRNA,间接调节蛋白质表达。本文就外泌体ncRNA在固有免疫细胞中的调节作用作一综述,以期为先天免疫的调节及免疫相关疾病的研究奠定理论基础。

Innate immune cells play an important role in anti-infection and anti-tumor immunity of the body.Common innate immune cells mainly include macrophages,natural killer(NK)cells,dendritic cells(DCs)and neutrophils.Exosomes,as a new subcellular entity,can regulate the biological activity of recipient cells by transporting non-coding RNA(ncRNA)such as microRNA(miRNA),long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)and circular RNA(circRNA)when circulating in extracellular space.Among them,miRNA induces gene silencing by directly targeting mRNA,while lncRNA and circRNA can act as miRNA sponges to adsorb and inhibit miRNA,indirectly regulating protein expression.In this paper,the regulatory role of exosome ncRNA in innate immune cells has been reviewed,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the study of innate immunity regulation and immune-related diseases.