Distinct palmitoylation of Foxp3 regulates the function of regulatory T cells via palmitoyltransferases

Regulatory T cells(Tregs)play pivotal roles in maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing excessive immune responses in vivo.As key players in suppressing immune reactions,they help to preserve immune tolerance and are thus crucial for preventing autoimmune diseases.Within the tumor microenvironment(TME),Tregs facilitate tumor immune evasion by impairing the activity of effector cells via multiple mechanisms,thus contributing to the initiation and progression of tumors[1].To perform this regulatory function,Tregs depend on the master transcription factor forkhead box protein p3(Foxp3)[2].The expression of Foxp3 has emerged as indispensable for the development and optimal function of Tregs[3].Interestingly,different posttranslational modifications,including phosphorylation,ubiquitination,glycosylation,and acetylation,exert significant regulatory effects on the biological function of Foxp3[4-8].