政策工具视角下我国公共卫生应急管理政策文本量化分析

A Quantitative Analysis of China’s Public Health Emergency Management Policy Texts from the Perspective of Policy Tools

以政策工具理论为基础,构建“政策工具—政策客体—危机管理生命周期”三维分析框架,对12份政策文本进行多维量化分析。结果显示,12份政策文本编码后共获得99个参考点,政策工具中环境型、供给型、需求型分别占60.6%、26.3%、13%;政策客体中政府与政府部门和上级医院提及较多,占比分别为44.4%和26.3%;危机管理生命周期中响应阶段提及最多,占比74.7%。结果表明,需求型政策工具使用不足,应优化政策工具使用的结构,进一步完善政策工具体系;政策客体分布不均,在制定政策时,应关注各政策客体,发挥协同应急的合力,还应增强对危机管理生命周期中预防和恢复这两个阶段的关注度。

Based on the theory of policy tools,a three-dimensional analytical framework of“policy tools-policy objects-crisis management life cycle”is constructed to conduct a multi-dimensional quantitative analysis of 12 policy texts.The results indicate that after coding the 12 policy texts,a total of 99 reference points were obtained.Among the policy tools,environment-based,supply-based,and demand-based tools accounted for 60.6%,26.3%,and 13%,respectively;in terms of the policy objects,the government and governmental departments and the higher-level hospitals were frequently mentioned,accounting for 44.4%and 26.3%,respectively;and the response phase in the crisis management life cycle was mentioned most often,accounting for 74.7%.The results show that demand-based policy tools are underused,and the structure of policy tool use should be optimized to further improve the system of policy tools;the distribution of policy objects is uneven,and when formulating policies,attention should be paid to each policy object to exert the synergy of collaborative emergency response,and attention to the two phases of prevention and recovery in the crisis management life cycle should also be enhanced.