全面三孩政策下女性生育意愿及其行为选择研究——以对浙江的调查为例

A Study on Women’s Fertility Intentions and Behavioral Choices Under the Comprehensive Three-Child Policy——Taking the Investigation of Zhejiang as an Example

通过问卷调查考察全面三孩政策实施后浙江省育龄女性的生育现状及生育意愿,并进一步探讨生育意愿的影响因素。分析发现:浙江省育龄女性二孩生育意愿比例最高,三孩生育意愿比例极低;三孩生育政策的放开并未在短期内显著提升女性的生育意愿。不同年龄和不同学历的生育影响存在显著差异,25岁以下的青年女性选择“不生育”所占比例最高,研究生学历以上的女性三孩生育意愿比例最高。经济压力、夫妻感情好坏和同龄人生子状况是影响生育意愿的最主要因素。对此,建议探索推广灵活办公模式,出台鼓励育龄女性灵活就业、居家就业政策措施;增强生育政策的包容性,创建“育儿友好”的整体环境;针对新青年心理发展特点塑造积极的婚恋观念,营造生育友好社会氛围。

A survey was conducted through questionnaires to investigate the fertility status and fertility intentions of women of childbearing age in Zhejiang Province after the implementation of the comprehensive three-child policy,and to further explore the factors influencing fertility intentions.The analysis found that:women of childbearing age in Zhejiang Province have the highest proportion of intentions to have a second child,while the proportion of intentions to have a third child is extremely low;the relaxation of the third-child policy has not significantly increased women fertility intentions in the short term.There are significant differences in fertility impact among different age groups and educational backgrounds.Young women under the age of 25 have the highest proportion of choosing“not to have children”,while women with graduate degrees or above have the highest proportion of willingness to have three children.Economic pressure,the quality of marital relationship,and the childbirth status of peers are the main factors that affect the fertility intentions.In this regard,it is suggested to explore and promote flexible working models,and introduce policies and measures that encourage flexible and home-based employment for women of childbearing age;to enhance the inclusiveness of fertility policies and create an overall“child friendly”environment;to shape positive attitudes towards concepts of marriage and love based on the psychological development characteristics of the new generation of young people,in order to foster a child-friendly social atmosphere.