植物组织培养的发展及新技术展望

The Development History and New Technology Outlook of Plant Tissue Culture

植物组织培养是在植物生理学基础上发展起来的,是现代生物技术的基础和重要组成部分。自20世纪起,植物组织培养的发展经历了探索、奠基和快速发展3个阶段。该技术主要应用于种苗繁育、脱毒苗培育、育种、种质资源保存、次生代谢物开发等方面,但在传统组织组培生产中,污染、褐变及生产成本较高是常见问题。为解决组织组培生产进一步产业化的制约因素,许多学者围绕开放式组织组培技术、无糖组织培养技术和LED新光源等技术进行研究,实现对传统组织组培技术的突破和创新,是今后组织培养技术发展的新方向。

Plant tissue culture is developed on the basis of plant physiology,and is the basis and important part of modern biotechnology.This paper reviews the development process of plant tissue culture in three stages:exploration,foundation and rapid development.It summarizes the application and existing problems of plant tissue culture in seedling rapid propagation,virus-free seedling cultivation,breeding,secondary metabolite development and germplasm resources preservation.With the continuous exploration of plant tissue culture theory and practice,open tissue culture technology,sugar-free tissue culture technology and new light source are becoming the development trend of new tissue culture technology.This paper introduces the advantages and research progress of these three new technologies,aiming to provide help for technicians engaged in plant tissuec ulture.