人工智能、技能培训与劳动者工资差距

Artificial Intelligence,Skill Training,and Wage Gap among Workers

当前,我国数字经济快速发展,共同富裕加快推进,人工智能发展是否扩大了劳动者的工资差距?本文将技能培训纳入任务模型,理论分析了人工智能对劳动者工资差距,以及技能培训对缩小工资差距的作用机制,并利用中国劳动力动态调查数据开展实证研究。理论和实证结果显示,人工智能显著提高了劳动者工资,但也扩大了高、低技能劳动者间的工资差距,技能培训通过相对提高低技能劳动者的职业能力和技能工作匹配度,缩小了人工智能引致的技能溢价。进一步研究发现,人工智能还扩大了中年群体和青年、年长群体,正规就业和非正规就业,大城市与小城市,人工智能发达城市和欠发达城市就业者之间的工资差距,但技能培训有助于弱势群体及弱势地区获得更高的人工智能工资溢价,工资差距缩小。研究结论为劳动者共享人工智能技术红利,加快实现共同富裕提供了理论依据。

With the rapid development of digital economy in China,the pursuit of common prosperity is accelerating,concerns arise as to whether the artificial intelligence(AI)will widen the wage gap?By incorporating skill training into the task model,we analyze the impact of AI on wage gap and the mechanism by which skill training can help reduce this gap.We finds AI can increase workers'wages significantly,but it also enlarges the wage gap between the high-skilled and low-skilled workers.Skill training,by enhancing workers'professional abilities and their skills-job match,helps reduce the wage gap.We also find AI widens the wage gap between the middle-aged and the younger or older workers,the formal and informal workers,as well as the wage gap between big and small cities,AI developed and AI less-developed cities,while skill training helps disadvantaged workers and regions gain a higher pay,narrow the wage gap.The research finding reveals skills training helps workers share the benefits of AI and accelerates the achievement of common prosperity.