基于相关法律和伦理的自主驾驶风险规避决策研究

Research on Autonomous Driving Risk Avoidance Decision-making based on Relevant Laws and Ethics

文章依据《汽车驾驶自动化分级》国家标准及有关交通法规,分析了无人驾驶车辆发展现阶段存在的难题和自动驾驶立法进展情况,提出了无人驾驶车辆发生交通事故责任区分与事故赔偿建议和无人驾驶决策伦理设计原则,依据无人驾驶紧急避险决策程序和无人驾驶一般避险决策程序研究,设计了无人驾驶车辆避险决策程序并给出程序方框图。认为无人驾驶车辆交通事故责任不能仅仅由无人驾驶车辆的制造者和销售者承担。无人驾驶车辆伦理设计原则为不违法同时尽量减少伤害,预防性驾驶控制策略和车外被动减缓碰撞伤害装置强制安装是尽量减少伤害的措施。依据无人驾驶车辆伦理原则设计的避险决策程序方框图应为未来公众审查和法规审查的参考。

Based on the national standard"Vehicle Driving Automation Classification"and relevant traffic regulations,this article analyzes the current difficulties in the development of autonomous vehicles and the progress of autonomous driving legislation,and puts forward suggestions for the division of liability and accident compensation for traffic accidents involving autonomous vehicles.Based on the ethical design principles for autonomous driving decision-making,based on the research on emergency avoidance decision-making procedures for autonomous driving,an autonomous vehicle emergency avoidance decision-making procedure is designed and a program block diagram is given.It is believed that the liability for traffic accidents caused by driverless vehicles cannot solely be borne by the manufacturers and sellers of driverless vehicles.The ethical design principle of unmanned vehicles is to minimize injuries while not violating the law,and preventive driving control strategies and mandatory installation of passive collision mitigation devices outside the vehicle are measures to minimize injuries.The block diagram of the risk avoidance decision-making process designed according to the ethical principles of unmanned vehicles should be used as a reference for future public review and regulatory review.