3D生物打印构建具有血管网络的心脏补片:种子细胞选择、生物材料优化与心肌修复功能评价

3D Bioprinting of Cardiac Patches with Vascular Networks:Selection of Seed Cells,Optimization of Biomaterials and Evaluation of Myocardial Repair Function

心血管疾病尤其是心肌梗死严重威胁人类健康,其中心肌组织受损后难以自我修复。本研究聚焦于利用3D生物打印技术构建具有血管网络的心脏补片。在种子细胞选择方面,深入探讨了原代心肌细胞与诱导多能干细胞衍生心肌细胞的特性,以及血管内皮细胞与周细胞的作用,构建并优化了种子细胞共培养体系。生物材料优化环节,全面分析天然与合成生物材料的优缺点,通过复合与改性策略改善材料性能,精心调配生物墨水并探究其流变学特性与打印参数适配性。在心脏补片构建过程中,阐述了不同打印技术原理、设备参数设置、血管网络构建策略以及补片结构设计与优化方法。通过体外功能评价模型与方法,包括细胞活力、增殖、心肌细胞收缩功能和血管网络形成与功能评估,以及体内移植实验,从心脏功能指标、组织学分析和电生理特性等多维度评价心肌修复效果。本研究为心血管疾病治疗中组织工程心脏补片的研发提供了重要理论依据与技术支撑,有力推动3D生物打印技术在心肌修复领域的应用与发展。

Cardiovascular diseases,especially myocardial infarction,seriously threaten human health,and the damaged myocardial tissue is difficult to repair by itself.This study focuses on using 3D bioprinting technology to construct cardiac patches with vascular networks.In terms of seed cell selection,the characteristics of primary cardiomyocytes and cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells,as well as the roles of vascular endothelial cells and pericytes were deeply explored,and a seed cell co-culture system was constructed and optimized.In the optimization of biomaterials,the advantages and disadvantages of natural and synthetic biomaterials were comprehensively analyzed.The material properties were improved through compounding and modification strategies.The bioink was carefully formulated and the compatibility between its rheological properties and printing parameters was investigated.During the construction of cardiac patches,the principles of different printing technologies,the setting of equipment parameters,the construction strategies of vascular networks and the design and optimization methods of patch structures were expounded.Through in vitro functional evaluation models and methods,including cell viability,proliferation,cardiomyocyte contraction function and vascular network formation and function assessment,as well as in vivo transplantation experiments,the myocardial repair effect was evaluated from multiple dimensions such as cardiac function indicators,histological analysis and electrophysiological characteristics.This study provides an important theoretical basis and technical support for the research and development of tissue-engineered cardiac patches in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and strongly promotes the application and development of 3D bioprinting technology in the field of myocardial repair.