儿童咽炎、扁桃体炎中西医结合诊治专家共识

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of pharyngitis and tonsillitis in children

咽炎、扁桃体炎是儿童期较常见的呼吸道感染性疾病,在春秋季节高发,可分为急性期及慢性期。急性期具有起病急,病情进展快等特点,严重者可出现声音嘶哑,甚至呼吸困难。慢性期因未得到良好的治疗导致病情迁延不愈。反复咽炎及扁桃体炎会导致儿童出现声音的改变。目前能够有效治疗儿童咽炎、扁桃体炎的西药较少,主要以抗生素类药物为主,中药用于清咽利喉的药物种类虽然很多,但西医儿科医生对中药的选择、辨证及应用尚不规范。因此,探讨儿童咽炎、扁桃体炎的中西医联合治疗尤为重要。本共识首先系统梳理了儿童咽炎、扁桃体炎的中西医认识;其次对其分期、病因及主要危险因素进行了论述;再次明确了其诊断标准;最后重点对儿童咽炎、扁桃体炎中西结合治疗原则、中西医治疗方法进行了详尽的阐述。本共识为中西医儿科医生,尤其是西医医生提供了中西医结合治疗思路,进一步规范了中西医药物的合理选择及应用。

Pharyngitis and tonsillitis are common respiratory infectious diseases in childhood,and are highly prevalent in spring and fall.They can be categorized into acute and chronic stages.The acute stage is characterized by rapid onset and progression of the disease,and in severe cases,hoarseness and even respiratory difficulties may occur.In the chronic stage,the disease is prolonged due to the lack of proper treatment.Repeated pharyngitis and tonsillitis can lead to voice changes in children.At present,there are not many western medicines that can effectively treat childhood pharyngitis and tonsillitis,which are mainly antibiotic drugs,and although there are many types of traditional Chinese medicines used to clear the throat,western pediatricians are not standardized in the selection,syndrome differentiation and application of traditional Chinese medicines.Therefore,it is particularly important to explore the treatment for pharyngitis and tonsillitis in children with integrated Chinese and western medicine.This consensus firstly systematizes the Chinese and western medical understanding of pharyngitis and tonsillitis in children;secondly,it discusses its staging,etiology and main risk factors;thirdly,it clarifies its diagnostic criteria;finally,it gives a detailed elaboration on the principle of integrated Chinese and western medicine treatment for pharyngitis and tonsillitis in children and the Chinese and western medicine treatment methods.This consensus provides Chinese and western pediatricians,especially western physicians,with ideas on integrated Chinese and western medicine treatment,and further standardizes the rational selection and application of Chinese and western medicines.