食管癌围手术期免疫治疗研究进展

Research progress of perioperative immunotherapy for esophageal cancer

食管癌是消化系统常见的恶性肿瘤之一,发病率及病死率高,预后差.目前食管癌的治疗模式逐渐转向为以手术为主的综合治疗,对于可切除食管癌,联合围手术期治疗可显著提高疗效,改善患者预后.手术联合新辅助放化疗是局部晚期食管癌患者的首选治疗方法,但许多患者仍会出现复发和转移,且不良反应较严重.近年来,免疫检查点抑制剂等免疫治疗药物的出现,开创了肿瘤治疗新时代,其在食管癌围手术期中的应用引起研究者的广泛关注.笔者从食管癌免疫治疗的分子机制、围手术期治疗模式及潜在生物标志物总结食管癌围手术期免疫治疗的研究现状,为进一步研究及临床实践提供重要参考.

Esophageal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in the digestive system,with high morbidity and mortality rates and poor prognosis.Currently,the treatment modality of esophageal cancer has gradually transitioned to surgery-based comprehensive treatment.For resec-table esophageal cancer,the combination with perioperative treatment can significantly improve the efficacy and prognosis of patients.Surgery combined with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is the first choice for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer,but many patients still suffer from recurrence and metastasis with serious adverse effects.In recent years,the emergence of immuno-therapeutic drugs such as immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)has created a new era of tumor treat-ment.The application of ICIs in the perioperative period of esophageal cancer has also gradually attracted extensive attention from researchers.The authors introduce the current research progress of perioperative immunotherapy for esophageal cancer from the molecular mechanism of immuno-therapy for esophageal cancer,current perioperative treatment modalities,and potential biomarkers,aiming to provide important references for further research and clinical practice.