张仲景动物药用药特点及启发

Characteristics of ZHANG Zhongjing animal medicine and its enlightenment

动物药历史悠久,疗效卓著,张仲景运用动物药更是丹心妙手,理法兼备,给予后人很大启发。文章从《伤寒论》和《金匮要略》中,整理出以动物药为主要组成的方剂及条文,将动物药按照虫、鳞、介、禽、兽、人6部进行主治疾病分析,浅析各类动物药治疗病症的侧重点。并根据各类动物的不同习性,结合天、地、水3部进行药物走势分析,天部轻盈上升多治疗上焦病症;地部生万物,多补益中州;水部下趋,多能重坠潜阳。最终总结仲景动物药运用思路,认为有三:(1)虫鳞介禽兽人,各有侧重;(2)用药如兵,奇正相佐,注重药对;(3)同气相求,顺势而为。

Animal medicine has a long history and excellent curative effect.ZHANG Zhongjing’s use of animal medicine is even more skillful.He has both principles and methods,and the medicine is simple and effective,which has given great inspiration to future generations.Based on Shanghan Lun and Jingui Yaolue,this paper sorts out the prescriptions mainly composed of animal medicines,and analyzes the main indications of animal medicines according to 6 parts:insects,scales,shells,birds,animals,and humans.Also,this paper analyzes the trend of medicine combined with the three parts of heaven,earth and water to analyze the trend of medicine.The sky part is rising upward,commonly used for upper Jiao syndromes,earth part produce myriads of things,commonly used for nourishing middle Jiao,the water part is downward moving,commonly used for heavily suppressing yang.Finally,this paper summarizes Zhongjing’s three ways of application for animal medicine:The first is all the six parts of animal medicine have their own indications;the second is to use medicine like soldiers,combine primary with assistant medicine,and pay attention to medicine pairing;the third is use medicine with image analogy and take advantage of the disease’s trend.