老年人衰弱的影响因素研究

Influencing factors for frailty among the elderly

目的了解老年人衰弱状况及其影响因素,为老年人衰弱防制提供依据。方法于2022年7—11月,在江苏省苏州市吴中区采用随机整群抽样方法抽取14个社区(行政村)≥65岁老年人为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集人口学信息、吸烟和饮酒等资料;采用国际体力活动问卷-短卷、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表和中文版FRAIL衰弱量表分别评估体力活动水平、睡眠质量和衰弱状况。采用无序多分类logistic回归模型分析老年人衰弱的影响因素。结果调查8782人,年龄M(QR)为71.00(8.00)岁。男性4259人,占48.50%;女性4523人,占51.50%。检出衰弱前期2145人,占24.42%;衰弱189人,占2.15%。无序多分类logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄(75~<85岁,OR=1.330,95%CI:1.186~1.492;≥85岁,OR=2.452,95%CI:1.882~3.195)、吸烟(现在,OR=0.838,95%CI:0.714~0.983)、体力活动水平(低,OR=1.161,95%CI:1.010~1.333)和睡眠质量(差,OR=2.248,95%CI:1.822~2.774)与老年人衰弱前期存在统计学关联;年龄(75~<85岁,OR=2.629,95%CI:1.921~3.596;≥85岁,OR=3.067,95%CI:1.621~5.801)、文化程度(初中及以上,OR=0.488,95%CI:0.298~0.798)、体质指数(体重过低,OR=1.848,95%CI:1.023~3.337;肥胖,OR=1.798,95%CI:1.180~2.740)、吸烟(已戒烟,OR=1.787,95%CI:1.007~3.171;现在,OR=0.448,95%CI:0.242~0.830)、饮酒(是,OR=0.532,95%CI:0.291~0.972)、体力活动水平(低,OR=2.757,95%CI:1.646~4.616)、睡眠质量(差,OR=3.911,95%CI:2.438~6.273)与老年人衰弱存在统计学关联。结论老年人衰弱与高龄、体力活动水平低、睡眠质量差、体重过低和肥胖有关。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of frailty and its influencing factors among the elderly,so as to pro⁃vide the evidence for prevention and control of frailty.Methods The elderly population at ages of 65 years and older were selected from 14 administrative villages or communities in Wuzhong District,Suzhou City,Jiangsu Province,using the random cluster sample method from July to November,2022.Demographic information,smoking and alcohol con⁃sumption were collected through questionnaire surveys.Physical activity,sleep quality and frailty were evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short,Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the FRAIL Scale,respective⁃ly.Factors affecting frailty among the elderly were evaluated using a multinomial logistic regression model.Results A total of 8782 elderly peolple were surveyed,including 4259 males(48.50%)and 4523 females(51.50%).The medi⁃an age was 71.00(interquartile range,8.00)years.There were 2145 cases with pre-frailty(24.42%)and 189 cases with frailty(2.15%).Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that age(75-<85 years,OR=1.330,95%CI:1.186-1.492;≥85 years,OR=2.452,95%CI:1.882-3.195),smoking(current smoking,OR=0.838,95%CI:0.714-0.983),physi⁃cal activity level(low,OR=1.161,95%CI:1.010-1.333)and sleep quality(poor,OR=2.248,95%CI:1.822-2.774)were associated with pre-frailty;age(75-<85 years,OR=2.629,95%CI:1.921-3.596;≥85 years,OR=3.067,95%CI:1.621-5.801),educational level(junior high school and above,OR=0.488,95%CI:0.298-0.798),body mass index(underweight,OR=1.848,95%CI:1.023-3.337;obesity,OR=1.798,95%CI:1.180-2.740),smoking(quit smoking,OR=1.787,95%CI:1.007-3.171;current smoking,OR=0.448,95%CI:0.242-0.830),alcohol consumption(yes,OR=0.532,95%CI:0.291-0.972),physical activity level(low,OR=2.757,95%CI:1.646-4.616)and sleep quality(poor,OR=3.911,95%CI:2.438-6.273)were associated with frailty.Conclusion Older,low physical activity level,poor sleep quality,underweight and obesity are associated with frailty of the elderly.