河南省居民铅镉汞砷铝膳食暴露风险评估

Assessment of dietary exposure to lead,cadmium,mercury,arsenic and aluminum among residents in Henan Province

目的评估河南省居民铅镉汞砷铝膳食暴露风险,为加强食品安全监管提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法抽取河南省鹤壁市、开封市祥符区、洛阳市涧西区、禹州市、宝丰县和唐河县为现场采样点,采集食物样品,加工制备成12大类食物混合样品,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定样品中铅镉汞砷铝含量;收集河南省居民膳食消费量资料,依据联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会的健康指导值结合暴露边界比(MOE)为评估标准,采用点评估法和分布点评估法分析铅镉汞砷铝膳食暴露水平。结果河南省居民铅膳食暴露量为41.89μg/d,折算后相当于其暂定每周可耐受摄入量(PTWI)的18.62%,主要来源为谷类和蔬菜类;其中2~<7岁组和7~<13岁组铅暴露的MOE值均<1。镉暴露量为10.79μg/d,折算后相当于其暂定每月可耐受摄入量的20.55%,主要来源为谷类和蔬菜类。总汞暴露量为0.45μg/d,折算后相当于其PTWI的1.25%,主要来源为谷类、蔬菜类和水及饮料类;甲基汞暴露量为0.04μg/d,折算后相当于PTWI的0.28%,均来源于水产类。总砷暴露量为26.65μg/d,折算后相当于其每日允许摄入量的0.89%,主要来源为谷类和蔬菜类;无机砷暴露量为8.41μg/d,折算后相当于其PTWI的6.23%,MOE值为22.47。铝暴露量为8.27 mg/d,折算后相当于其PTWI的45.94%,主要来源为谷类和薯类;其中2~<7岁组和7~<13岁组铝暴露量第90、97.5百分位数均>PTWI。结论河南省居民总体铅镉汞砷铝的膳食暴露风险较低。

Objective To assess the exposure levels of lead,cadmium,mercury,arsenic and aluminum in the diets of residents in Henan Province,so as to provide the basis for strengthening food safety supervision.Methods Six sam⁃pling points were selected using stratified random sampling method in Henan Province,including Hebi City,Xiangfu District of Kaifeng City,Jianxi District of Luoyang City,Yuzhou City,Baofeng County and Tanghe County.Food sam⁃ples were collected and processed into mixed samples of 12 major food categories.The levels of lead,cadmium,mercu⁃ry,arsenic and aluminum in the samples were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).Dietary consumption information in Henan Province was collected.The dietary exposure risks of lead,cadmium,mercu⁃ry,arsenic and aluminum were analyzed using the point estimation method and distribution point estimation method,based on the health guidance values of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives and the margin of ex⁃posure(MOE)as the assessment criteria.Results The dietary exposure level of lead among residents in Henan Prov⁃ince was 41.89μg/d,which was equivalent to 18.62%of its provisional tolerable weekly intake(PTWI),with cereals and vegetables being the main sources;the MOE values of lead among residents aged 2 to<7 years and 7 to<13 years were both less than 1.The dietary exposure level of cadmium was 10.79μg/d,which was equivalent to 20.55%of the provisional monthly tolerable intake,with cereals and vegetables being the main sources.The dietary exposure level of total mercury was 0.45μg/d,which was equivalent to 1.25%of its PTWI,with cereals,vegetables,and water and beverage categories being the main sources;the dietary exposure level of methylmercury was 0.04μg/d,which was equivalent to 0.28%of its PTWI,and it was entirely derived from aquatic products.The dietary exposure level of total arsenic was 26.65μg/d,which was equivalent to 0.89%of the daily allowable intake,with cereals and vegeta⁃bles being the main sources;the dietary exposure level of inorganic arsenic was 8.41μg/d,which was equivalent to 6.23%of its PTWI,with an MOE value of 22.47.The dietary exposure level of aluminum was 8.27 mg/d,which was equivalent to 45.94%of its PTWI,with cereals and tubers being the main sources;the P_(90)and P_(97.5)of dietary alumi⁃num exposure among residents aged 2 to<7 years and 7 to<13 years were both greater than PTWI.Conclusion The overall dietary exposure risks of lead,cadmium,mercury,arsenic and aluminum among residents in Henan Prov⁃ince are relatively low.