论拉姆齐对维特根斯坦“中肯有力的批评”

On Ramsey’s“Certain and Forcible Criticism”to Wittgenstein

拉姆齐是维特根斯坦在其后期代表作《哲学研究》中首先予以鸣谢的哲学家。维特根斯坦认为正是拉姆齐“中肯有力的批评”才使他认识到自己前期代表作《逻辑哲学论》中所包含的严重错误。拉姆齐之所以能够赢得维特根斯坦如此高的评价,是因为他作为当时对《逻辑哲学论》最为理解的哲学家,能够真正从内部既欣赏这部经典的主要思想和学术价值,也看到其基本立场和哲学倾向所存在的问题。拉姆齐不仅发现了该书中逻辑图像论和哲学立场的一系列缺陷,而且用自己带有实用主义色彩的“人本逻辑”加以补充。拉姆齐“中肯有力的批评”使维特根斯坦不得不做出积极回应,并逐渐走出《逻辑哲学论》的立场,助益后者确立面向社会生活和语言实践来探寻哲学问题根源的后期哲学取向。

Frank P.Ramsey is a philosopher whom Ludwig Wittgenstein credits primarily in his later repre sentative work,the Philosophical Investigations.Wittgenstein believed that it was Ramsey’s“certain and forcible criticism”that had been forced him to recognize the grave mistakes in his earlier work,the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.Ramsey earned Wittgenstein’s high regard because,as a philosopher who most deeply understood the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus at that time,he could appreciate its main thoughts and academic values from within,while also identifying problems in its fundamental stance and philosophical tendency.Ramsey not only discovered a series of defects in the theory of logi cal pictures and the philosophical positions of the work,but he also supplemented these with his own pragmatically influenced“human logic”.Ramsey’s“certain and forcible criticism”prompted Wittgen stein to respond positively,leading him to move beyond the standpoint of the Tractatus Logico-Philo sophicus and contributing to his later philosophical orientation toward the roots of philosophical issues in social life and linguistic practice.