供需协调视角下城市应急救援可达性评估--以郑州“7·20”特大暴雨为例

Evaluating Urban Emergency Rescue Accessibility from a Supply-Demand Coordination Perspective:A Case Study of the July 20,2021 Torrential Rainstorm in Zhengzhou

日益频繁的特大暴雨对城市造成愈加严重的影响,亟须关注应急救援需求的变化特征以及与之对应的应急救援可达性水平,以此提升城市应急救援的动态响应能力。以郑州市中心城区为例,通过社交媒体数据识别求救点和道路阻碍点,分析“7·20”特大暴雨背景下应急救援需求的时空分布特征。基于供需协调的视角,利用高斯两步移动搜寻法评估城市应急救援可达性。研究结果表明,应急救援需求具有动态集聚分布特征,同时应急救援可达性存在供需错位。最后,从完善应急救援通道网络、建立应急救援可达性智能评估平台、优化应急救援资源的空间布局三方面提出优化策略。

Increasingly frequent torrential rainstorms have progressively severe impacts on cities,necessitating urgent attention to the evolving characteristics of emergency rescue demand and the corresponding level of emergency rescue accessibility,so as to enhance the dynamic response capability of urban emergency rescue.Taking the central urban area of Zhengzhou as an example,this paper uses social media data to identify rescue request points and road blockage points and analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution features of emergency rescue demand during the July 20,2021 torrential rainstorm.From a supply-demand coordination perspective,the paper employs the Gaussian Two-Step Floating Catchment Area method to evaluate urban emergency rescue accessibility.The results show that emergency rescue demand exhibits dynamic concentration patterns,while the rescue accessibility demonstrates a mismatch between supply and demand.Finally,optimization strategies are proposed from three perspectives,including improving emergency rescue corridor networks,establishing an intelligent accessibility evaluation platform,and optimizing the spatial arrangement of emergency rescue resources.