广西中越边境喀斯特地区大型真菌资源多样性

Diversity of macrofungi in the karst area of Sino-Vietnam border in Guangxi,South China

广西中越边境喀斯特森林属北热带喀斯特季节性雨林,是具有国际意义的陆地生态系统多样性关键地区之一,但目前对该地区大型真菌系统性研究尚不完备。本研究历时7年共采集大型真菌标本1500余份,通过形态学分类方法与分子生物学手段鉴定物种232种,隶属于2门7纲20目61科135属,其中子囊菌门25种,担子菌门207种,新增广西新记录种30种。含10种以上的优势科有4科,为多孔菌科Polyporaceae、小皮伞科Marasmiaceae、牛肝菌科Boletaceae和蘑菇科Agaricaceae;含5种以上的优势属有6属,为小皮伞属Marasmius、木耳属Auricularia、灵芝属Ganoderma、光柄菇属Pluteus、栓孔菌属Trametes和炭角菌属Xylaria。广西中越边境喀斯特地区大型真菌区系地理成分可分为8类,以世界广布成分和泛热带分布成分为主,分别有76属和36属。大型真菌资源评价表明,该地区有食用菌59种、药用菌19种、食药兼用菌8种和有毒真菌26种。大型真菌物种受威胁状况统计分析,发现近危物种2种,仅占总数的0.86%,无易危、濒危和极危物种。本研究结果可为该地区大型真菌资源保护保育和可持续利用奠定理论基础。

The karst forest in Guangxi-Vietnam border region represents a seasonal rainforest within the north tropical karst,serving as one of the key areas for terrestrial ecosystem diversity with international significance.The systematic study of macrofungi in this area is not complete so far.This study lasted for seven years and collected more than 1500 samples of macrofungi.A total of 232 species of macrofungi,belonging to 2 phyla,7 classes,20 orders,61 families and 135 genera,has been identified based on morphological and molecular analyses.Among the species,25 belong to Ascomycota,and 207 belong to Basidiomycota;30 were new to Guangxi.Four dominant families having more than 10 species each are Polyporaceae,Marasmiaceae,Boletaceae,and Agaricaceae.Six dominant genera having more than 5 species each are Marasmius,Auricularia,Ganoderma,Pluteus,Trametes,and Xylaria.At genus level,the macrofungi in the karst area of Sino-Vietnam border in Guangxi can be classified into eight geographical elements.The cosmopolitan element and pantropic element were found to be the most dominant,with 76 and 36 genera respectively.The evaluation of macrofungal resources showed that 59 species were edible,19 medicinal,8 simultaneously edible and medicinal,and 26 poisonous.Threat status analysis indicated that only two species were categorized as nearly threatened,merely accounting for 0.86%of the total known species.No vulnerable,endangered or critically endangered species were identified.This study provides reference for conservation and sustainable utilization of macrofungal resources within this specific region.