野生中华穿山甲行为谱及PAE编码系统的构建

Construction of Ethogram and PAE Coding System of Wild Chinese Pangolin

中华穿山甲(Manis pentadactyla)是国家一级重点保护野生动物,由于其穴居性且习性隐蔽,难以在野外被直接观测,有关行为学研究大多基于圈养个体的观察记录。为探究野生中华穿山甲的行为学特征,2020年10月—2022年10月,于广东省河源市和平县林区前期调查发现的中华穿山甲洞穴附近布设269台红外相机,共记录并识别1806段野生中华穿山甲活动影像,基于“姿势(posture)-动作(act)-环境(en‐vironment)”(PAE)三要素并结合其行为功能,构建野生中华穿山甲的行为谱和PAE编码系统。结果显示:共记录到5种姿势、33种动作和9种环境类型,并将行为划分为警戒、觅食、运动、挖掘、筑巢、家庭和标记七大类,共计22种行为。通过建立中华穿山甲的PAE行为谱,有效补充了该物种在野外行为研究上的空缺,同时为中华穿山甲行为学的深入研究提供了基础数据。

Ethogram is the basic of animal behavior research.The Chinese pangolin(Manis pentadactyla)is one of the pri⁃mary protected wild animals in China,and it plays the role of ecosystem engineer through burrowing and foraging.How⁃ever,due to its burrowing and hidden habit,it is difficult to be observed directly in the field.Most of the behavioral studies of the Chinese pangolin are based on the observation of the captive individuals.In order to explore the behavioral character⁃istics of wild Chinese pangolins,we deployed 269 infrared cameras near their burrows in the forest area of Heping County,Heyuan City,Guangdong Province from October 2020 to October 2022,and a total of 1,806 wild Chinese pangolin activity images were recorded and identified.Based on the three elements of“posture-act-environment”(PAE)and combined with its behavioral functions,the ethogram and PAE coding system of wild Chinese pangolin were constructed.A total of five postures and 33 actions of wild Chinese pangolins were recorded in nine environmental types.22 types of behaviors were divided into seven categories according to the behaviors,including vigilance,foraging,locomotive,digging,nesting,fam⁃ily and marking behavior.The construction of PAE behavior ethogram of the Chinese pangolin effectively filled the gap in the field behavior study,and provided basic data for the in-depth study of Chinese pangolin’s behaviors.