广东省饶平县地面筑巢的栗喉蜂虎种群数量、巢洞特征及生境因子选择

Population Size,Nest Characteristics and Habitat Factor Selection of the Ground-nesting Blue-tailed Bee-eater in the Raoping County,Guangdong Province

栗喉蜂虎(Merops philippinus)每年4—7月由东南亚、南亚到我国进行繁殖,以往的研究表明栗喉蜂虎喜欢在坡度为30°~90°的裸露沙质坡面营巢,但近年来发现饶平县栗喉蜂虎存在于平坦开阔地面营巢繁殖的现象,为了解栗喉蜂虎平地繁殖巢洞特征与生境因子,于2023年4—7月,对饶平县地面营巢地中栗喉蜂虎的种群数量、巢洞特征及营巢地生境因子进行调查。结果表明:饶平地面筑巢栗喉蜂虎种群数量为128~224只;繁殖巢洞和废弃巢洞在长度、深度、水平长度及倾斜角度上存在统计学差异(P≤0.005),繁殖巢洞需要适宜的长度、深度、水平长度及倾斜角度;巢洞朝向具有偏好性,主要朝向北方、东方及西北方;繁殖巢洞的洞底日温差最小,巢室内温度稳定;栗喉蜂虎地面巢区巢洞密度较大,邻近巢洞的最小洞间距平均值为3.8 m;巢区裸露度较低,为(35.08±10.77)%;巢洞与水源距离为(107.92±40.41)m;栗喉蜂虎对巢区土质具有选择性,营巢地土壤为砂土,含沙量为(92.0±3.4)%,土壤粒径主要集中于(0.125~0.250)mm。研究结果可为栗喉蜂虎的种群及栖息地保护提供科学依据。

The blue-tailed bee-eater(Merops philippinus)migrates from Southeast Asia and South Asia to China for breed⁃ing every year from April to July.Previous studies have indicated that the blue-tailed bee-eater prefered to nest on the bare sandy slopes with a gradient of 30°to 90°.However,in recent years,the blue-tailed bee-eater in Raoping County Guang⁃dong Province has been found nesting on flat and open ground.To understand the characteristics of the nests and habitat factors of the blue-tailed bee-eater’s the flat-ground nesting,we conducted a survey on the population size,nest character⁃istics,and nesting habitat factors of the ground-nesting blue-tailed bee-eater in Raoping County,Guangdong Province from April to July 2023.The results showed that:the population size of the flat-ground nesting blue-tailed bee-eaters in Raoping Guangdong Province ranged from 128 to 224 individuals;there were statistically significant difference in length,depth,hori⁃zontal length,and inclination angle between breeding nests and abandoned nests(P≤0.005);the nests mainly faced north,east,and northwest;the breeding nests had the narrowest daily temperature range at the bottom of the nest;the av⁃erage minimum distance between adjacent nests was 3.8 meters;the degree of exposure in the nesting area was(35.08±10.77)%.The distance from the nests to the water source was(107.92±40.41)meters;the soil of the nesting site was sandy,with a sand content of(92.0±3.4)%,and the soil particle size was mainly concentrated between(0.125~0.250)mm.The research could provide a scientific basis for the conservation of the blue-tailed bee-eater’s population and habitat.