2020至2022年天津市电焊烟尘接尘工人健康状况及肺功能异常影响因素分析

Analysis of factors affecting health status and abnormal lung function of workers exposed to welding fumes in Tianjin from 2020 to 2022

目的了解天津市2020至2022年电焊烟尘接尘工人在岗期间健康情况及肺功能异常影响因素,为重点职业病的保护和干预提供理论依据。方法于2023年10月,收集中国疾病预防控制信息平台2020至2022年天津市电焊烟尘在岗接尘工人(2020、2021和2022年分别10831、10758和21717人)的职业健康检查相关资料,分析各年工人的心电图、胸片和肺功能异常情况,以及肺功能异常与性别、年龄、工龄、地区等的关联。以性别、年龄和工龄为自变量,逐年进行肺功能异常影响因素的logistic回归分析。结果2020至2022年的电焊烟尘接尘工人心电图、胸片和肺功能异常率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=301.79、7.87、1614.54,P<0.05),肺功能异常率呈逐年下降趋势(χ^(2)趋势=1516.19,P<0.001)。男性电焊烟尘接尘工人肺功能异常率均高于女性(χ^(2)=61.65、8.04、15.22,P<0.05);随着年龄的增加,工人肺功能异常率均呈上升趋势(χ^(2)趋势=6.47、10.81、4.72,P<0.05)。各年环城四区的肺功能异常率分别为22.05%(318/1442)、8.91%(171/1919)和6.48%(273/4212)。经逐年logistic回归分析,女性为肺功能异常的保护因素(OR=0.369、0.568、0.546,95%CI:0.298~0.458、0.367~0.879、0.388~0.767,P<0.05)。结论应关注天津市电焊烟尘接尘工人的健康状况,重点保护中年男性劳动者,并对环城四区等重点地区和行业采取有效防治措施。

ObjectiveTo investigate the health status and the influencing factors of abnormal lung function of welding fumes exposure workers in Tianjin from 2020 to 2022,and to provide theoretical basis for the protection and intervention of key occupational diseases.MethodsIn October 2023,the relevant data of occupational health examination of welding fumes exposure workers in Tianjin from 2020 to 2022(10831,10758 and 21717 in 2020,2021 and 2022,respectively)were collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information Platform.The electrocardiogram,chest radiograph and lung function abnormalities of workers in each year were analyzed,as well as the association between lung function abnormalities and gender,age,working age,region,etc.With gender,age and years of service as independent variables,logistic regression analysis was performed year by year on the influencing factors of abnormal lung function.ResultsFrom 2020 to 2022,electrocardiogram,chest radiograph and lung function abnormality rates of workers exposed to welding fumes had statistical significances(χ^(2)=301.79,7.87,1614.54,P<0.05),and the lung function abnormality rate showed a downward trend year by year(χ^(2) trend=1516.19,P<0.001).The abnormal rates of lung function in male workers exposed to welding fumes were higher than those in female workers(χ^(2)=61.65,8.04,15.22,P<0.05).With the increase of age,the abnormal rate of lung function showed an increasing trend(χ^(2) trend=6.47,10.81,4.72,P<0.05).The abnormal rates of lung function in the four districts around the city in each year were 22.05%(318/1442),8.91%(171/1919)and 6.48%(273/4212),respectively.Year by year logistic regression analysis showed that females were the protective factors for abnormal lung function(OR=0.369,0.568,0.546;95%CI:0.298-0.458,0.367-0.879,0.388-0.767;P<0.05).ConclusionAttention should be paid to the health status of welding fumes workers in Tianjin,focusing on the protection of middle-aged male workers,and effective prevention measures should be taken for key areas and industries such as the four districts around the city.