膜下滴灌技术参数对静宁苹果园蓄水量、耗水量及水分利用效率的影响

The Influence of Subsurface Drip Irrigation Technology Parameters on Water Storage,Consumption and Water Use Efficiency in Jingning Apple Orchard

探究苹果膜下滴灌技术参数施肥周期、滴头间距和毛管布置方式对土壤蓄水量、耗水量和水分利用效率的影响,提出静宁苹果滴灌水肥一体化技术优选参数。于2022-2023年在甘肃静宁县优质产区开展田间水肥一体化滴灌试验,以6 a生短枝富士苹果为研究对象,采用施肥周期(T)、滴头间距(D)、毛管布置方式(P)3个试验因素,施肥周期设置15 d (T15)、30 d (T30) 2个水平,滴头间距设置30 cm (D30)、50 cm (D50) 2个水平,毛管布置方式设置一行一管(P1)、一行两管(P2),共8个技术模式。测定不同技术模式下苹果全生育期0~100 cm土层土壤体积含水量和产量。结果表明:(1)膜下滴灌技术参数T、D、P对各生育阶段苹果园土壤蓄水量显著性影响不一,T、D、P对花芽分化期、膨大中后期苹果园0~100 cm土层土壤蓄水量均显著,3个因素的二阶、三阶交互作用对0~100 cm土层土壤蓄水量的影响均不显著。(2)T、D、P组合下的不同技术模式在苹果生育期内土壤日耗水量随苹果生长发育,日耗水量逐渐增加,至膨大期达到最大。(3)T可显著提高产量,T15较T30的显著提高3 321.10 kg/hm^(2),对WUE无显著影响;D对产量、WUE均无显著影响;P对产量、WUE均有显著影响,P2较P1的分别提高3 910.29 kg/hm^(2)、1.34 kg/(hm^(2)·mm);T、D、P三个因素中的二阶、三阶交互作用中,除T与P的交互作用外,对产量、WUE的影响均不显著。施肥周期15 d、滴头间距30 cm和一行两管的滴灌水肥一体化技术模式能显著提高产量和WUE,该组合参数可作为静宁苹果园高产节水的推荐优选方案。

Exploring the effects of fertilization cycle,drip spacing,and capillary arrangement on soil water storage,water consumption,and water use efficiency in apple subsurface drip irrigation technology parameters.The goal is to propose optimal parameters for integrated water and fertilizer technology in apple drip irrigation.A field water-fertilisation drip irrigation experiment was carried out from 2022 to 2023 in the high-quality production area of Jingning County,Gansu Province,with the full-fruiting short-branch Fuji apples as the research object.Three experimental factors of fertiliser application cycle(T),drip-head spacing(D),and the way of arrangement of the caterpillar tubes(P)were used.The fertiliser cycle was set at two levels of 15 d(T15)and 30 d(T30),and the drip-head spacing was set at 30 cm(D30),50 cm(D50)two levels,set a row of one tube(P1),a row of two tubes(P2),a total of eight technical modes.The soil water content and yield of the 0~100 cm soil layer during the whole life cycle of apple were determined under different technical modes.The results showed that:①The significant effects of the parameters T,D and P of subsurface drip irrigation on soil water storage in apple orchards vary at different growth stages.T,D and P have significant effects on soil water storage in the 0~100 cm soil layer of apple orchards during flower bud differentiation and mid to late expansion stages.The second-order and third-order interactions among the three factors have no significant impact on soil water storage at the 0~100 cm soil layer.②The different technical modes under the combination of T,D and P gradually increase the daily soil water consumption during the apple growth and development period,reaching its maximum during the swelling period.③T can significantly increase yield,with an increase of 3321.10 kg/hm^(2) in 15 days compared to 30 days,and has no significant effect on WUE.D has no significant impact on yield and WUE.P has a significant impact on yield and WUE,with P2 significantly increasing by 3910.29 kg/hm^(2) and 1.34 kg/(hm^(2)•mm)compared to P1,respectively.T.Among the second-order and third-order interactions among the three factors D and P,except for the interaction between T and P,the impact on yield and WUE is not significant.The combination of drip irrigation water-fertiliser integration technical parameters with a fertilizer application cycle of 15 d and a drip head spacing of 30 cm between two tubes in a row can significantly increase yield and WUE,and is one of the preferred drip irrigation water-fertiliser integration technical parameters for high yield,stable yield,and high efficiency and water conservation in Jingning apples.