近37 a吐鲁番盆地绿洲井渠聚落分布格局与机理

Distribution pattern and mechanism of oasis well channel settlements in the Turpan Basin in the last 37 years

【目的】以吐鲁番掘井、引渠所形成的绿洲乡村聚落为研究对象,基于坎儿井大规模衰败和机电井层出不穷的背景,揭示盆地内乡村聚落演变的格局与机理,以期为干旱区绿洲乡村聚落空间优化,实现乡村振兴提供理论参考。【方法】运用景观格局分析法、GIS空间分析方法和地理探测器,研究吐鲁番盆地绿洲乡村聚落的空间格局及其影响机制。【结果】1985~2022年吐鲁番盆地绿洲乡村聚落数量、面积快速增加,但空间分布不均,形成南北少,中部沿火焰山-盐山、阿拉沟-白杨河交汇处串珠状集聚分布的空间特征。从驱动因子的解释力看社会经济因子最强,区位因子次之,自然因子影响较弱;1985年解释力最强因子为距道路距离和人口密度,2005、2022年人口密度和GDP解释力最强,且交互因子解释力均高于单因子解释力。从4个流域来看,自然地理要素对于聚落集聚区域影响较小;区位因素与社会经济因素之间的交互作用对阿拉沟-白杨河、煤窑沟-二塘沟、柯柯亚-坎尔其流域聚落空间的影响最为突出;大河沿-塔尔郎流域聚落格局受三要素共同影响。【结论】水资源限定了吐鲁番乡村聚落基本格局,盆地内聚落以坎儿井为基底,分布格局受社会经济因素、区位因素影响发生演化,最终形成沿火焰山串珠状分布井渠聚落空间格局。

【Objective】Taking the rural oasis settlements formed by the digging of wells and diversion canals in Turpan as the research object,against the background of the large-scale decline of Karez and the endless emergence of electromechanical wells,this paper reveals the pattern and mechanism of the evolution of rural settlements in the basin,with the aim of providing theoretical reference for the spatial optimization of rural oasis settlements in arid areas and the realization of rural revitalization.【Method】Using landscape pattern analysis,GIS spatial analysis and geographic detectors,this paper investigates the spatial pattern and its impact mechanism of rural oasis settlements in the Turpan Basin.【Result】From 1985 to 2022,the num‐ber and area of rural settlements in the Turpan Basin oasis increased rapidly,but the spatial distribution was uneven,forming the spatial characteristics of fewer in the north and south,and the central part was clustered along the southern and northern slopes of Flaming Mountain Salt Mountain,Salt Mountain and Alagou-Baiyanghe in the middle.In terms of the explanatory power of the driving factors,social and economic fac‐tors are the strongest,followed by location factors,and the impact of natural factors is weak;in 1985,the strongest explanatory factors were distance from the road and population density.In 2005 and 2022,popula‐tion density and GDP had the strongest explanatory power,and the explanatory power of the interaction fac‐tor was higher than that of the single factor.From the perspective of the four basins,the natural geographi‐cal factors have little influence on the settlement agglomeration area;the interaction between location fac‐tors and socio-economic factors has the strongest influence on the settlement area of the Alagou-Baiyanghe,Meiyaogou-Ertanggou and Kekeya-Kanerqi river basins;the settlement pattern of the Daheyan-Tarlang basin is influenced by three factors.【Conclusion】The basic pattern of rural settlement in Turpan is limited by water resources.The distribution pattern of settlements in the basin is based on the Karez well,which is influenced by social,economic and locational factors,and ultimately forms a spatial pattern of well-channel settlements distributed along the Flame Mountain chain.