非互易热辐射研究综述

Review of research on nonreciprocal thermal radiation

非互易热辐射是一种突破传统基尔霍夫定律对称互易性的辐射传热新方式,它打破了物体光谱定向发射率与光谱定向吸收率必须相等的限制,实现了辐射器光谱、角度发射率和吸收率在时间和空间上的独立控制。本文综述了非互易热辐射在理论计算、实验验证和应用方面的研究进展,从基尔霍夫定律与洛伦兹互易性之间的内在联系出发,阐述了非互易热辐射产生的必要条件,以磁光材料In As和外尔半金属两种典型材料为例探讨了如何构建非对称结构和利用外部场调控,产生多波段、多角度的非互易热辐射,并应用于太阳能电池、热光伏系统等领域,成功突破了热辐射的黑体极限并在理论上达到朗斯堡极限,提升了能源的转换效率。未来非互易热辐射有望为能源有效利用和节能减排提供有力的支持,推动前沿材料研究和技术创新,为可持续发展注入新的动力和活力。

Nonreciprocal thermal radiation is a novel approach to radiative heat transfer that breaks through the symmetric reciprocity of traditional Kirchhoff's law.It overcomes the restriction that the spectrally oriented emissivity and spectrally oriented absorptivity of an object must be equal,allowing independent control of the spectral and angular emissivity and absorptivity of a radiator in both time and space.This paper reviews the progress of research on nonreciprocal thermal radiation in theoretical calculations,experimental verifications,and applications.Starting from the intrinsic connection between Kirchhoff's law and Lorentz reciprocity,it elaborates on the necessary conditions for the generation of nonreciprocal thermal radiation.Using two typical materials,magneto-optical materialsof InAs and Weyl semimetal,as examples,the paper explores how to construct asymmetric structures and utilize external field modulation to generate multi-wavelength and multi-angle nonreciprocal thermal radiation.These advancements have been applied in many fields,such as solar cells and thermophotovoltaic systems,successfully surpassing the blackbody limit of thermal radiation and theoretically reaching the Landsberg limit,thereby improving energy conversion efficiency.In the future,nonreciprocal thermal radiation is expected to provide strong support for efficient energy utilization and emission reduction,promote cutting-edge materials research and technological innovation,and inject new impetus and vitality into sustainable development.