我国陪产假法律制度的反思与完善路径

The Current Situation,Problems and Improvement of Paternity Leave System in China

在追求性别平等的背景下,生育假制度逐渐被赋予鼓励男性参与育儿、承担家庭责任的功能,陪产假则是其中的重要组成部分。我国陪产假制度在规范层面存在立法理念落后、立法层级较低、科学性不足的问题;在实践中,陪产假难以真正贯彻落实,主要表现为用人单位为劳动者申请陪产假附加诸多限制条件,克扣陪产假时长和休假期间的工资福利,劳动者主张的未休陪产假的经济补偿缺乏明确的法律依据。在借鉴典型国家立法经验的基础上,可以从以下四个方面完善我国陪产假法律制度:第一,更新立法理念,提高立法层级;第二,从概念、休假天数和休假方式等方面科学设计陪产假制度;第三,将陪产假待遇纳入生育保险,实现制度成本的社会化;第四,加强陪产假落实的内外监督,督促用人单位切实保障劳动者的陪产假权益。

In the context of the pursuit of gender equality,the maternity leave system has gradually been given the function of encouraging men to participate in child-rearing and assume family responsibilities.Paternity leave is an important part of this.The system of paternity leave in China has some problems,such as backward legislative idea,low legislative level and insufficient scientific content.In practice,it is difficult to truly implement the right to paternity leave.The main performances are that employers attach many restrictions to the application of paternity leave for workers,deduct the length of paternity leave and the wages and benefits during the leave,and the economic compensation claimed by workers for not taking paternity leave lacks a clear legal basis.On the basis of learning from typical national legislative experience,we can improve China's paternity leave legal system from the following four aspects.Firstly,the idea of legislation should be upgraded and the level of legislation should be raised.Secondly,the paternity leave system should be designed scientifically from the aspects of concept,leave days and leave ways.Thirdly,the treatment of paternity leave should be included in maternity insurance to realize the socialization of the system cost.Fourthly,the internal and external supervision of the implementation of paternity leave should be strenghtened,and employers should be urged to effectively protect the interests of workers'paternity leave.